Abstract
In order to find out the integration of biocontrol agents with plant chemical and insecticide against Thrips tabaci L. (Thripidae: Thysanoptera), release of Coccinella septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea, spray of Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5% and spinosad 240 SL (Tracer) were integrated in all possible combinations, thus, making a total of 15 treatments including separate application of each above and a control where none was applied except water only. Results showed significant difference amongst treatments (p <0.05). Application of spinosad alone and in combination with other control methods proved to be the most effective treatment. Releases of bio-agents viz., C. septempunctata and C. carnea resulted in 4.72 and 4.51 thrips leaf -1 , respectively, and also did not differ significantly with each other. Application of bio-agents in combination was less effective with 4.37 thrips leaf -1 and differed significantly from all other treatments. Application of NKSE resulted in 4.00 thrips leaf -1 and found superior from those treatments where bio-agents were released alone and in combination. However, the highest yield was observed where all the control methods were integrated together showing 30.976 kg plot -1 seed cotton and it did not differ significantly in treatments where spinosad was present. The lowest seed cotton yield was recorded to be 23.393, 23.984 and 24.104 kg plot -1 in those plots (T 1 , T 2 and T 5 ) where only bio-agents were released and these three treatments did not show significant difference among them. On the basis of these interventions, the maximum cost benefit ratio was calculated to be 1: 15.19 in those plots of FH-118 where spinosad alone was sprayed. The minimum cost benefit ratio was recorded in T 5 , i.e. 1: 1.02 where both the biological agents were released together. Results have been discussed in the light of these cost benefit ratios, and concluded that deliberate use of predators may be expensive for the management of thrips on Bt cotton.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad alone or combined with other controls was the most effective treatment against Thrips tabaci on Bt cotton.
- Taxon
- Bt Cottont0
- Treatment
- spinosade2
- Interactor
- Thrips tabaci
Thrips tabacie0pest - Outcome
- the most effective treatmente2
- Direction
- most effectivee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e0“In order to find out the integration of biocontrol agents with plant chemical and insecticide against Thrips tabaci L”
e2“Application of spinosad alone and in combination with other control methods proved to be the most effective treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Release of C. septempunctata gave 4.72 thrips per leaf, not differing from C. carnea.
- Taxon
- Bt Cottont0
- Treatment
- C. septempunctatae3
- Interactor
- Thrips tabaciThrips tabacie0pest
- Second interactor
- Coccinella septempunctata
Coccinella septempunctatae1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- thrips leaf -1e3
- Value
- 4.72e3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e0“In order to find out the integration of biocontrol agents with plant chemical and insecticide against Thrips tabaci L”
e1“release of Coccinella septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea”
e3“Releases of bio-agents viz., C. septempunctata and C. carnea resulted in 4.72 and 4.51 thrips leaf -1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Release of C. carnea gave 4.51 thrips per leaf, not differing from C. septempunctata.
- Taxon
- Bt Cottont0
- Treatment
- C. carneae3
- Interactor
- Thrips tabaciThrips tabacie0pest
- Second interactor
- Chrysoperla carnea
_Chrysoperla_carnea_-_dorsal_view.jpg?width=60)
Chrysoperla carneae1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- thrips leaf -1e3
- Value
- 4.51e3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Chrysoperla_carnea_-_dorsal_view.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e0“In order to find out the integration of biocontrol agents with plant chemical and insecticide against Thrips tabaci L”
e1“release of Coccinella septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea”
e3“Releases of bio-agents viz., C. septempunctata and C. carnea resulted in 4.72 and 4.51 thrips leaf -1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bio-agent application was less effective, with 4.37 thrips per leaf, than all other treatments.
- Taxon
- Bt Cottont0
- Treatment
- bio-agents in combinatione4
- Interactor
- Thrips tabaciThrips tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- thrips leaf -1e4
- Direction
- less effectivee4
- Value
- 4.37e4
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e0“In order to find out the integration of biocontrol agents with plant chemical and insecticide against Thrips tabaci L”
e4“Application of bio-agents in combination was less effective with 4.37 thrips leaf -1 and differed significantly from all other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
NSKE application gave 4.00 thrips per leaf, superior to treatments with bio-agents alone or combined.
- Taxon
- Bt Cottont0
- Treatment
- NKSEe5
- Interactor
- Thrips tabaciThrips tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- thrips leaf -1e5
- Direction
- superiore5
- Value
- 4.00e5
- Comparator
- those treatments where bio-agents were released alone and in combinatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e0“In order to find out the integration of biocontrol agents with plant chemical and insecticide against Thrips tabaci L”
e5“Application of NKSE resulted in 4.00 thrips leaf -1 and found superior from those treatments where bio-agents were released alone and in combination”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating all control methods gave the highest seed cotton yield, 30.976 kg per plot.
- Taxon
- Bt Cottont0
- Treatment
- all the control methods were integrated togethere6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 30.976e6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e6“the highest yield was observed where all the control methods were integrated together showing 30.976 kg plot -1 seed cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest yield with all controls integrated did not differ significantly from treatments with spinosad.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e6“the highest yield was observed where all the control methods were integrated together showing 30.976 kg plot -1 seed cotton”
e7“it did not differ significantly in treatments where spinosad was present”
Claim · model-written summary
Where only bio-agents were released, seed cotton yield was lowest at 23.393 kg per plot.
- Taxon
- Bt Cottont0
- Treatment
- where only bio-agents were releasede1
- Outcome
- lowest seed cotton yielde1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 23.393e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e1“The lowest seed cotton yield was recorded to be 23.393, 23.984 and 24.104 kg plot -1 in those plots (T 1 , T 2 and T 5 ) where only bio-agents were released”
Claim · model-written summary
Where only bio-agents were released, seed cotton yield was lowest at 23.984 kg per plot.
- Taxon
- Bt Cottont0
- Treatment
- where only bio-agents were releasede1
- Outcome
- lowest seed cotton yielde1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 23.984e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e1“The lowest seed cotton yield was recorded to be 23.393, 23.984 and 24.104 kg plot -1 in those plots (T 1 , T 2 and T 5 ) where only bio-agents were released”
Claim · model-written summary
Where only bio-agents were released, seed cotton yield was lowest at 24.104 kg per plot.
- Taxon
- Bt Cottont0
- Treatment
- where only bio-agents were releasede1
- Outcome
- lowest seed cotton yielde1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 24.104e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e1“The lowest seed cotton yield was recorded to be 23.393, 23.984 and 24.104 kg plot -1 in those plots (T 1 , T 2 and T 5 ) where only bio-agents were released”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad alone on FH-118 gave the maximum cost benefit ratio, 1: 15.19.
- Taxon
- Bt Cottont0
- Material
- FH-118e1
- Treatment
- spinosad alonee1
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 1: 15.19e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e1“the maximum cost benefit ratio was calculated to be 1: 15.19 in those plots of FH-118 where spinosad alone was sprayed”
Claim · model-written summary
Releasing both biological agents together gave the minimum cost benefit ratio, 1: 1.02.
- Taxon
- Bt Cottont0
- Treatment
- both the biological agents were released togethere1
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 1: 1.02e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e1“The minimum cost benefit ratio was recorded in T 5 , i.e. 1: 1.02 where both the biological agents were released together”
Claim · model-written summary
Deliberate use of predators may be expensive for thrips management on Bt cotton.
Verbatim
t0“Bt Cotton Ecosystem”
e1“deliberate use of predators may be expensive for the management of thrips on Bt cotton”
The same questions in other papers
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1 in the opposite direction
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.