Abstract
Glyphosate effectively controls most weeds in glyphosate-resistant soybean. However, it is sometimes only marginally effective on Ipomoea spp. A field experiment was conducted at five locations in North Carolina to determine the effects of mixing 2,4-DB with glyphosate on Ipomoea spp. control and on soybean injury and yield. The isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g ai/ha controlled mixtures of tall morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, and red morningglory at least 96% at two locations. Mixing the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-DB at 35 g ae/ha with glyphosate did not increase control but reduced soybean yield 6%. At two other locations, 2,4-DB increased control of tall morningglory and a mixture of entireleaf morningglory and ivyleaf morningglory 13 to 22% when mixed with glyphosate at 560 g/ha, but not when mixed with glyphosate at 840 or 1,120 g/ha. Soybean yield was reduced 31% at one location and was unaffected at the other. At the fifth location, 2,4-DB increased control of tall morningglory 25, 11, and 7% when mixed with glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/ha, respectively. Soybean yield was increased 15%. In separate field experiments, glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/ha controlled large crabgrass at least 99%. Mixing 2,4-DB at 35 g/ha with glyphosate did not affect control. In the greenhouse, mixing 2,4-DB at 35, 70, 140, or 280 g/ha with glyphosate at 70 to 560 g/ha did not affect large crabgrass control by glyphosate.Nomenclature: Glyphosate; 2,4-DB; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray #3 IPOHG; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. # IPOHE; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA; red morningglory, Ipomoea coccinea L. # IPOCC; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth # PHBPU; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hartz 5566 RR’.Additional index words: Herbicide combinations, herbicide interactions, herbicide-resistant crops.Abbreviations: WAT, weeks after treatment.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate controlled morningglory mixtures at least 96% at two locations.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g ai/hae0
- Interactor
- tall morningglorye0weed
- Outcome
- mixtures of tall morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, and red morningglorye0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g ai/ha controlled mixtures of tall morningglory, entireleaf morningglory, and red morningglory at least 96% at two locations.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-DB did not improve morningglory control at those two locations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-DB at 35 g ae/ha with glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixing the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-DB at 35 g ae/ha with glyphosate did not increase control but reduced soybean yield 6%.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-DB reduced soybean yield by 6% at those locations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-DB at 35 g ae/ha with glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixing the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-DB at 35 g ae/ha with glyphosate did not increase control but reduced soybean yield 6%.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
At two other locations, adding 2,4-DB to 560 g/ha glyphosate increased morningglory control by 13 to 22%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-DBe0
- Interactor
- tall morningglorye0weed
- Outcome
- control of tall morningglory and a mixture of entireleaf morningglory and ivyleaf morningglorye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13 to 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At two other locations, 2,4-DB increased control of tall morningglory and a mixture of entireleaf morningglory and ivyleaf morningglory 13 to 22% when mixed with glyphosate at 560 g/ha”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-DB to higher glyphosate rates did not improve morningglory control at those locations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-DBe1
- Interactor
- tall morningglorye1weed
- Outcome
- control of tall morningglorye1
- Qualifier
- glyphosate at 840 or 1,120 g/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not when mixed with glyphosate at 840 or 1,120 g/ha.”
e1“2,4-DB increased control of tall morningglory and a mixture of entireleaf morningglory and ivyleaf morningglory”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield fell 31% at one of the two locations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was reduced 31% at one location and was unaffected at the other.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was unaffected at the other location.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was reduced 31% at one location and was unaffected at the other.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
At the fifth location, adding 2,4-DB to glyphosate at 560 g/ha increased tall morningglory control 25%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-DBe0
- Interactor
- tall morningglorye0weed
- Outcome
- control of tall morningglorye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25e0
- Qualifier
- glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the fifth location, 2,4-DB increased control of tall morningglory 25, 11, and 7% when mixed with glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/ha, respectively.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
At the fifth location, adding 2,4-DB to glyphosate at 840 g/ha increased tall morningglory control 11%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-DBe0
- Interactor
- tall morningglorye0weed
- Outcome
- control of tall morningglorye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the fifth location, 2,4-DB increased control of tall morningglory 25, 11, and 7% when mixed with glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/ha, respectively.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
At the fifth location, adding 2,4-DB to glyphosate at 1,120 g/ha increased tall morningglory control 7%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-DBe0
- Interactor
- tall morningglorye0weed
- Outcome
- control of tall morningglorye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the fifth location, 2,4-DB increased control of tall morningglory 25, 11, and 7% when mixed with glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/ha, respectively.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield increased 15% at the fifth location.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was increased 15%.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate controlled large crabgrass at least 99% in separate field trials.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/hae0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- large crabgrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In separate field experiments, glyphosate at 560, 840, and 1,120 g/ha controlled large crabgrass at least 99%.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-DB did not affect large crabgrass control in field trials.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-DB at 35 g/ha with glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse1weed
- Outcome
- large crabgrasse1
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixing 2,4-DB at 35 g/ha with glyphosate did not affect control.”
e1“controlled large crabgrass at least 99%”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-DB did not affect glyphosate control of large crabgrass in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-DB at 35, 70, 140, or 280 g/ha with glyphosate at 70 to 560 g/hae0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- large crabgrass controle0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the greenhouse, mixing 2,4-DB at 35, 70, 140, or 280 g/ha with glyphosate at 70 to 560 g/ha did not affect large crabgrass control by glyphosate.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
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See all 76 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.