Abstract
The investigations were carried out in nutrient solution with iron as ferric citrate and nitrogen in the form of nitrate. Addition of 2.5 p.p.m. vanadium to plants in which iron chlorosis was already‐established, either by a lack of iron or by excess manganese, failed to counteract the condition, and caused toxic symptoms. Reduction of the standard iron supply to ½ or ⅓ accentuated the toxicity of 2–5 or 5 p.p.m. V to soybean and flax, but a similar reduction in phosphorus had no influence. Toxicity to peas, however, was increased when the phosphorus was reduced to 1/10, provided the iron level was high (20 p.p.m. Fe). Raising the iron supply to 20 or 30 p.p.m. Fe counteracted the toxicity of manganese (10 p.p.m.), molybdenum (40 p.p.m.) and vanadium (2.5 p.p.m.), but the result was less marked when these three elements were combined. Iron supplied in successive, small doses proved less efficient in overcoming molybdenum or vanadium, but not manganese excess, than the same amount of iron supplied in fewer and larger quantities. Varying the iron supply had little effect when the concentration of the three elements was low. When increased iron supply had reduced the chlorosis caused by high manganese or vanadium, it also reduced the manganese and vanadium contents of the shoot (p.p.m./d.m.), but the molybdenum content was only lowered by high iron when given in non‐toxic concentration (0.1 p.p.m. Mo) combined with excess manganese. The iron content of the shoot (%/d.m.) was scarcely affected by the amount of iron supplied, but was generally reduced by high concentrations of manganese, molybdenum or vanadium. Results regarding the effect of vanadium on the phosphorus content of the shoot were conflicting, and differences occurred only when the iron supply was low. Here the phosphorus content of soybean and peas was generally reduced, while that of flax was increased. Yield data for soybean and flax indicated an interaction between manganese with both molybdenum and vanadium if the iron supply was low, but none between molybdenum and vanadium. The effect of all three metals was additive in respect to iron.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Vanadium failed to reverse established iron chlorosis and caused toxic symptoms.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAXt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 p.p.m. vanadiume0
- Outcome
- iron chlorosise0
- Direction
- failed to counteracte0
- Qualifier
- either by a lack of iron or by excess manganesee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 2.5 p.p.m. vanadium to plants in which iron chlorosis was already‐established, either by a lack of iron or by excess manganese, failed to counteract the condition, and caused toxic symptoms.”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing iron supply accentuated vanadium toxicity in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Reduction of the standard iron supply to ½ or ⅓e0
- Outcome
- toxicity of 2–5 or 5 p.p.m. Ve0
- Direction
- accentuatede0
- Comparator
- standard iron supplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of the standard iron supply to ½ or ⅓ accentuated the toxicity of 2–5 or 5 p.p.m. V to soybean and flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing iron supply accentuated vanadium toxicity in flax.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimume0 - Treatment
- Reduction of the standard iron supply to ½ or ⅓e0
- Outcome
- toxicity of 2–5 or 5 p.p.m. Ve0
- Direction
- accentuatede0
- Comparator
- standard iron supplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of the standard iron supply to ½ or ⅓ accentuated the toxicity of 2–5 or 5 p.p.m. V to soybean and flax”
Claim · model-written summary
A similar phosphorus reduction did not change vanadium toxicity in soybean and flax.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAXt0
- Treatment
- reduction in phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- influencee0
- Direction
- no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“but a similar reduction in phosphorus had no influence.”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowering phosphorus to one tenth increased pea toxicity when iron was high.
- Taxon
- peas
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- phosphorus was reduced to 1/10e0
- Outcome
- Toxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- iron level was high (20 p.p.m. Fe)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxicity to peas, however, was increased when the phosphorus was reduced to 1/10, provided the iron level was high (20 p.p.m. Fe).”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising iron to 20 or 30 p.p.m. counteracted manganese toxicity.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAXt0
- Treatment
- Raising the iron supply to 20 or 30 p.p.m. Fee0
- Outcome
- toxicity of manganesee0
- Direction
- counteractede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Raising the iron supply to 20 or 30 p.p.m. Fe counteracted the toxicity of manganese (10 p.p.m.), molybdenum (40 p.p.m.) and vanadium (2.5 p.p.m.)”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising iron to 20 or 30 p.p.m. counteracted molybdenum toxicity.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAXt0
- Treatment
- Raising the iron supply to 20 or 30 p.p.m. Fee0
- Outcome
- toxicity of manganese (10 p.p.m.), molybdenume0
- Direction
- counteractede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Raising the iron supply to 20 or 30 p.p.m. Fe counteracted the toxicity of manganese (10 p.p.m.), molybdenum (40 p.p.m.) and vanadium (2.5 p.p.m.)”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising iron to 20 or 30 p.p.m. counteracted vanadium toxicity.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAXt0
- Treatment
- Raising the iron supply to 20 or 30 p.p.m. Fee0
- Outcome
- vanadiume0
- Direction
- counteractede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Raising the iron supply to 20 or 30 p.p.m. Fe counteracted the toxicity of manganese (10 p.p.m.), molybdenum (40 p.p.m.) and vanadium (2.5 p.p.m.)”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
Small repeated iron doses were less effective against molybdenum or vanadium excess than fewer large doses.
Verbatim
e0“Iron supplied in successive, small doses proved less efficient in overcoming molybdenum or vanadium, but not manganese excess, than the same amount of iron supplied in fewer and larger quantities.”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
Varying iron had little effect when the three metals were low.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAXt0
- Treatment
- Varying the iron supplye0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Qualifier
- concentration of the three elements was lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Varying the iron supply had little effect when the concentration of the three elements was low.”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher iron reduced shoot manganese and vanadium contents when it relieved chlorosis.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAXt0
- Treatment
- increased iron supplye0
- Outcome
- manganese and vanadium contents of the shoote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“When increased iron supply had reduced the chlorosis caused by high manganese or vanadium, it also reduced the manganese and vanadium contents of the shoot (p.p.m./d.m.)”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
High iron lowered shoot molybdenum only at non-toxic molybdenum combined with excess manganese.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAXt0
- Treatment
- high irone0
- Outcome
- molybdenum contente0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- non‐toxic concentration (0.1 p.p.m. Mo) combined with excess manganesee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the molybdenum content was only lowered by high iron when given in non‐toxic concentration (0.1 p.p.m. Mo) combined with excess manganese.”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot iron content changed little with iron supply.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAXt0
- Treatment
- amount of iron suppliede0
- Outcome
- iron content of the shoote0
- Direction
- scarcely affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The iron content of the shoot (%/d.m.) was scarcely affected by the amount of iron supplied”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
High manganese, molybdenum or vanadium generally reduced shoot iron content.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAXt0
- Treatment
- high concentrations of manganese, molybdenum or vanadiume0
- Outcome
- iron content of the shoote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The iron content of the shoot (%/d.m.) was scarcely affected by the amount of iron supplied, but was generally reduced by high concentrations of manganese, molybdenum or vanadium.”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
At low iron, vanadium generally reduced shoot phosphorus in soybean and peas.
- Taxon
- soybean and peasGlycine maxLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- vanadiumt0
- Outcome
- phosphorus contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here the phosphorus content of soybean and peas was generally reduced, while that of flax was increased.”
t0“VANADIUM ON SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
At low iron, vanadium increased shoot phosphorus in flax.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- vanadiumt0
- Outcome
- phosphorus contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here the phosphorus content of soybean and peas was generally reduced, while that of flax was increased.”
t0“VANADIUM ON SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean and flax yield data suggested manganese interacted with molybdenum and vanadium when iron was low.
- Taxon
- soybean and flaxGlycine maxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- manganesee0
- Outcome
- Yield datae0
- Qualifier
- iron supply was lowe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield data for soybean and flax indicated an interaction between manganese with both molybdenum and vanadium if the iron supply was low”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield data showed no interaction between molybdenum and vanadium.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAXt0
- Treatment
- molybdenum and vanadiume0
- Outcome
- none between molybdenum and vanadiume0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“but none between molybdenum and vanadium.”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
Claim · model-written summary
The three metals had additive effects with respect to iron.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of all three metals was additive in respect to iron.”
t0“SOYBEAN, PEAS AND FLAX”
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See all 16 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.