Abstract
Abstract Two Coastal Plain soils were used to evaluate the effects of organic matter and Fe and Mn hydrous oxides on Zn phytotoxicity, and on Zn, Cd, and Mn uptake by soybean seedlings. Fertilized Pocomoke sl and Sassafras sl were limed to pH 5.5 and 6.3 with CaCO 3 when adding Zn (six levels between 1.3 and 196 mg/kg at pH 5.5; seven levels between 1.3 and 524 mg/kg at pH 6.3). Cadmium was added at 1% of the added Zn. ‘Beeson’ soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) was grown 4 weeks, and the trifoliolate leaves evaluated for dry weight yield and for their Zn, Cd, and Mn concentrations. The higher organic matter Pocomoke soil was more effective than the Sassafras soil in reducing metal uptake and Zn phytotoxicity. Foliar Zn levels associated with yield reduction of soybean grown on Pocomoke differed with soil pH. Cadmium uptake was significantly lower on the Pocomoke soil. Foliar Mn increased to reported phytotoxic levels (>500 mg/kg) with increased added Zn only on the Sassafras soil at pH 6.3. DTPA‐extractable Zn and Cd were linear functions of added Zn and Cd for both soils; 0.01 M CaCl 2 ‐extractable Zn and Cd were curvilinear (increasing slope) functions for the Sassafras and linear for the Pocomoke soil. Thus, soil type can strongly influence Zn, Cd, and Mn uptake, as well as Zn phytotoxicity to soybean. Soil organic matter appears to be more important than hydrous oxides of Fe and Mn in moderating the effects of excessive soil Zn and limiting Zn and Cd uptake. Induced metal toxicities (Mn) may depend on many factors, and should be considered an integral part of any characterization of specific metal phytotoxicities (e.g. Zn).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pocomoke soil reduced metal uptake and Zn phytotoxicity more than Sassafras soil.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Pocomoke soile0
- Outcome
- metal uptake and Zn phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- Sassafras soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher organic matter Pocomoke soil was more effective than the Sassafras soil in reducing metal uptake and Zn phytotoxicity”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn levels associated with yield reduction differed by soil pH on Pocomoke soil.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Foliar Zn levelse0
- Direction
- differede0
- Qualifier
- soil pHe0
- Setting
- Pocomokee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar Zn levels associated with yield reduction of soybean grown on Pocomoke differed with soil pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium uptake was significantly lower on Pocomoke soil.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Pocomoke soile0
- Outcome
- Cadmium uptakee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Sassafras soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium uptake was significantly lower on the Pocomoke soil”
e1“The higher organic matter Pocomoke soil was more effective than the Sassafras soil”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Added Zn increased foliar Mn to phytotoxic levels only on Sassafras soil at pH 6.3.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increased added Zne0
- Outcome
- Foliar Mne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- >500 mg/kge0
- Qualifier
- pH 6.3e0
- Setting
- Sassafras soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar Mn increased to reported phytotoxic levels (>500 mg/kg) with increased added Zn only on the Sassafras soil at pH 6.3”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
DTPA extractable Zn and Cd varied linearly with added metals in both soils.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DTPA‐extractable Zn and Cd were linear functions of added Zn and Cd for both soils”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 extractable Zn and Cd had increasing curvilinear slopes in Sassafras soil.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“0.01 M CaCl 2 ‐extractable Zn and Cd were curvilinear (increasing slope) functions for the Sassafras”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 extractable Zn and Cd were linear in Pocomoke soil.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“linear for the Pocomoke soil”
e1“0.01 M CaCl 2 ‐extractable Zn and Cd were curvilinear”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter appeared more important than Fe and Mn hydrous oxides in moderating Zn effects and uptake.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Zn and Cd uptakee0
- Qualifier
- Soil organic mattere0
- Comparator
- hydrous oxides of Fe and Mne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic matter appears to be more important than hydrous oxides of Fe and Mn in moderating the effects of excessive soil Zn and limiting Zn and Cd uptake”
t0“Soybean”
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