Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of various tillage and mulching practices on fruit maturity and weed suppression in pumpkins. Conventional tillage (CT), disking, no tillage with rye removed (RR), no tillage with standing rye (SR), and strip tillage (ST) were evaluated with and without ethalfluralin plus halosulfuron (1.5 plus 0.036 kg ai/ha, respectively) applied preemergence. In 2001, when heavy rain after herbicide application caused significant crop injury, the herbicides delayed maturity and significantly reduced yields of mature pumpkins within each herbicide treatment, total yields did not differ with tillage. In 2002, weed populations were significantly greater than those in 2001, and in 2002, regardless of herbicides, yields of mature fruit were greater in tillage treatments with higher rye residues (SR, ST). Although weed populations were less in one year than the other, herbicides provided effective control in both seasons, and RR, ST, and SR effectively suppressed weeds compared with CT. Averaged over treatments, greater yield losses were attributable to weed competition (42%) in 2002 than to herbicide injury (32%) in 2001.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides delayed pumpkin maturity in 2001.
CucurbitaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2001, when heavy rain after herbicide application caused significant crop injury, the herbicides delayed maturity”
t0“Pumpkins”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides significantly reduced mature pumpkin yield in 2001.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the herbicides delayed maturity and significantly reduced yields of mature pumpkins within each herbicide treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Total pumpkin yields did not differ among tillage treatments in 2001.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total yields did not differ with tillage”
t0“Pumpkins”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed populations were significantly greater in 2002 than in 2001.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2002, weed populations were significantly greater than those in 2001”
t0“Pumpkins”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature fruit yield was greater in higher rye residue treatments, SR and ST, in 2002.
- Treatment
- tillage treatments with higher rye residues (SR, ST)e0
- Outcome
- yields of mature fruite0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Setting
- 2002e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 2002, regardless of herbicides, yields of mature fruit were greater in tillage treatments with higher rye residues (SR, ST)”
t0“Pumpkins”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides controlled weeds effectively in both seasons.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicides provided effective control in both seasons”
e1“RR, ST, and SR effectively suppressed weeds compared with CT”
t0“Pumpkins”
Claim · model-written summary
RR, ST, and SR suppressed weeds relative to CT.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RR, ST, and SR effectively suppressed weeds compared with CT”
t0“Pumpkins”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition caused 42% yield loss in 2002.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater yield losses were attributable to weed competition (42%) in 2002 than to herbicide injury (32%) in 2001”
t0“Pumpkins”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide injury caused 32% yield loss in 2001.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater yield losses were attributable to weed competition (42%) in 2002 than to herbicide injury (32%) in 2001”
t0“Pumpkins”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.