Abstract
Hoop structures bedded with crop residues are becoming increasingly popular for swine production in the northcentral United States. Compost made from bedding materials and swine manure can be used as a soil amendment. A 3-yr field experiment was conducted in Boone, IA, to determine how composted swine manure affected selected soil characteristics and nutrient uptake, growth, and seed production of corn and three weed species (giant foxtail, velvetleaf, and common waterhemp) grown in mixture with corn. Two soil management systems, designed to provide equivalent amounts of N to corn, were compared: one that received composted manure and an average of 118 kg N ha−1 as synthetic fertilizer and another that received no composted manure and an average of 143 kg N ha−1 as synthetic fertilizer. Soil organic matter, P, K, and early-season NO3-N levels were greater in the (+) compost system. The N concentration of velvetleaf shoots, the P concentration of giant foxtail and common waterhemp shoots, and the K concentration of shoots of all three weed species also were greater in the (+) compost system. Compost application consistently increased common waterhemp height, common waterhemp biomass, and velvetleaf height, but increased velvetleaf biomass in only 1 yr and had no effect on giant foxtail height or biomass. Measurements of weed seed production, conducted in the final year of the study, showed that compost increased velvetleaf and common waterhemp seed production but had no effect on giant foxtail seed production. Compost consistently increased corn height and leaf K concentration but generally had no effect on corn yield. Results of this study indicate that large differences can exist among crop and weed species in their response to soil amendments. Depending on the weed species present, use of composted swine manure may increase requirements for weed management in corn production systems.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased soil organic matter, P, K and early season nitrate.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- (+) compost systeme0
- Outcome
- Soil organic matter, P, K, and early-season NO3-N levelse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic matter, P, K, and early-season NO3-N levels were greater in the (+) compost system.”
t0“weed and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased velvetleaf shoot N concentration.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- (+) compost systeme0
- Interactor
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0weed - Outcome
- N concentration of velvetleaf shootse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N concentration of velvetleaf shoots, the P concentration of giant foxtail and common waterhemp shoots, and the K concentration of shoots of all three weed species also were greater in the (+) compost system.”
t0“weed and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased giant foxtail and common waterhemp shoot P concentration.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- (+) compost systeme0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Second interactor
- common waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- P concentration of giant foxtail and common waterhemp shootse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N concentration of velvetleaf shoots, the P concentration of giant foxtail and common waterhemp shoots, and the K concentration of shoots of all three weed species also were greater in the (+) compost system.”
t0“weed and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased shoot K concentration in all three weeds.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- (+) compost systeme0
- Outcome
- K concentration of shoots of all three weed speciese0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N concentration of velvetleaf shoots, the P concentration of giant foxtail and common waterhemp shoots, and the K concentration of shoots of all three weed species also were greater in the (+) compost system.”
t0“weed and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased common waterhemp height and biomass.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Compost applicatione0
- Interactor
- common waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- common waterhemp height, common waterhemp biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost application consistently increased common waterhemp height, common waterhemp biomass, and velvetleaf height, but increased velvetleaf biomass in only 1 yr and had no effect on giant foxtail height or biomass.”
t0“weed and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased velvetleaf height consistently and biomass in one year.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Compost applicatione0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- velvetleaf heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost application consistently increased common waterhemp height, common waterhemp biomass, and velvetleaf height, but increased velvetleaf biomass in only 1 yr and had no effect on giant foxtail height or biomass.”
t0“weed and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased velvetleaf biomass in one year.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- velvetleaf biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- only 1 yre0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased velvetleaf biomass in only 1 yr”
t0“weed and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost had no effect on giant foxtail height or biomass.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail height or biomasse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had no effect on giant foxtail height or biomass”
t0“weed and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased velvetleaf and common waterhemp seed production.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- composte0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Second interactor
- common waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- velvetleaf and common waterhemp seed productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compost increased velvetleaf and common waterhemp seed production but had no effect on giant foxtail seed production.”
t0“weed and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost had no effect on giant foxtail seed production.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- composte0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail seed productione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compost increased velvetleaf and common waterhemp seed production but had no effect on giant foxtail seed production.”
t0“weed and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased corn height and leaf K concentration.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Composte0
- Outcome
- corn height and leaf K concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost consistently increased corn height and leaf K concentration but generally had no effect on corn yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost generally had no effect on corn yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Composte0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost consistently increased corn height and leaf K concentration but generally had no effect on corn yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest compost use may increase weed management needs depending on weed species.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- requirements for weed managemente0
- Qualifier
- Depending on the weed species presente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Depending on the weed species present, use of composted swine manure may increase requirements for weed management in corn production systems.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.