Abstract
Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) is a problematic weed of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Pakistan. The present study was designed to evaluate the herbicidal activity of culture filtrates of four Trichoderma spp., namely T. harzianum, T. pseudokoningii, T. reesei and T. viride, against this weed species. In a laboratory bioassay, original (100%) and diluted (50%) culture filtrates of T. harzianum and T. pseudokoningii significantly reduced shoot and root growth of A. fatua seedlings. Only original culture filtrates of T. reesei exhibited significant effects, while the effect of filtrates of T. viride was insignificant against shoot and root growth of the target weed species. Generally, original concentrations of culture filtrates of all Trichoderma spp., except T. harzianum, significantly reduced various parameters of root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings. In foliar spray bioassay, pot-grown 1-wk and 2-wk old A. fatua and wheat seedlings were sprayed with 100% culture filtrates of the four Trichoderma spp. thrice with 5 d interval each. Culture filtrates of all except T. viride significantly diminished root and shoot biomass of A. fatua plants in 1-wk old plants. The effect of foliar spray on root and shoot growth of wheat was insignificant. Present study concludes that metabolites of T. harzianum, T. reesei and T. pseudokoningii contain herbicidal constituents for the management of A. fatua.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum filtrates significantly reduced wild oat shoot and root growth in laboratory tests.
- Taxon
- A. fatua
Avena fatuae0 - Treatment
- original (100%) and diluted (50%) culture filtrates of T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- shoot and root growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“original (100%) and diluted (50%) culture filtrates of T. harzianum and T. pseudokoningii significantly reduced shoot and root growth of A. fatua seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. pseudokoningii filtrates significantly reduced wild oat shoot and root growth.
- Taxon
- A. fatuaAvena fatuae0
- Treatment
- diluted (50%) culture filtrates of T. harzianum and T. pseudokoningiie0
- Interactor
- T. pseudokoningiiTrichoderma pseudokoningiie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot and root growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“original (100%) and diluted (50%) culture filtrates of T. harzianum and T. pseudokoningii significantly reduced shoot and root growth of A. fatua seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Only undiluted T. reesei filtrates had significant effects on wild oat growth.
- Taxon
- Avena fatua L.Avena fatuat0
- Treatment
- original culture filtrates of T. reeseie0
- Interactor
- T. reeseiTrichoderma reeseie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- significant effectse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only original culture filtrates of T. reesei exhibited significant effects”
t0“Avena fatua L.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride filtrates had insignificant effects on wild oat shoot and root growth.
- Taxon
- Avena fatua L.Avena fatuat0
- Treatment
- filtrates of T. viridee0
- Interactor
- T. viride
Trichoderma viridee0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- shoot and root growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of filtrates of T. viride was insignificant against shoot and root growth of the target weed species.”
t0“Avena fatua L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Undiluted Trichoderma filtrates other than T. harzianum reduced wheat root and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- original concentrations of culture filtrates of all Trichoderma spp., except T. harzianume0
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“original concentrations of culture filtrates of all Trichoderma spp., except T. harzianum, significantly reduced various parameters of root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar filtrates other than T. viride diminished wild oat biomass in one-week-old plants.
- Taxon
- A. fatuaAvena fatuae0
- Treatment
- Culture filtrates of all except T. viridee0
- Outcome
- root and shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- 1-wk old plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Culture filtrates of all except T. viride significantly diminished root and shoot biomass of A. fatua plants in 1-wk old plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray did not significantly affect wheat root and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of foliar spray on root and shoot growth of wheat was insignificant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors identify T. harzianum metabolites as herbicidal against A. fatua.
- Taxon
- A. fatuaAvena fatuae0
- Outcome
- management of A. fatuae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“metabolites of T. harzianum, T. reesei and T. pseudokoningii contain herbicidal constituents for the management of A. fatua.”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.