Abstract
Root architecture results from coordinated cell division and expansion in spatially distinct cells of the root and is established and maintained by gradients of auxin and nutrients such as sugars. Auxin is transported acropetally through the root within the central stele and then, upon reaching the root apex, auxin is transported basipetally through the outer cortical and epidermal cells. The two Gbetagamma dimers of the Arabidopsis thaliana heterotrimeric G protein complex are differentially localized to the central and cortical tissues of the Arabidopsis roots. A null mutation in either the single beta (AGB1) or the two gamma (AGG1 and AGG2) subunits confers phenotypes that disrupt the proper architecture of Arabidopsis roots and are consistent with altered auxin transport. Here, we describe an evolutionarily conserved interaction between AGB1/AGG dimers and a protein designated N-MYC DOWNREGULATED-LIKE1 (NDL1). The Arabidopsis genome encodes two homologs of NDL1 (NDL2 and NDL3), which also interact with AGB1/AGG1 and AGB1/AGG2 dimers. We show that NDL proteins act in a signaling pathway that modulates root auxin transport and auxin gradients in part by affecting the levels of at least two auxin transport facilitators. Reduction of NDL family gene expression and overexpression of NDL1 alter root architecture, auxin transport, and auxin maxima. AGB1, auxin, and sugars are required for NDL1 protein stability in regions of the root where auxin gradients are established; thus, the signaling mechanism contains feedback loops.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The two G protein dimers have different central and cortical root localization.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- Gbetagammae0
- Outcome
- differentially localized to the central and cortical tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two Gbetagamma dimers of the Arabidopsis thaliana heterotrimeric G protein complex are differentially localized to the central and cortical tissues of the Arabidopsis roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Null mutations in G protein beta or gamma subunits disrupt root architecture.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- A null mutatione0
- Gene
- AGB1e0
- Outcome
- architecture of Arabidopsis rootse0
- Direction
- disrupte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A null mutation in either the single beta (AGB1) or the two gamma (AGG1 and AGG2) subunits confers phenotypes that disrupt the proper architecture of Arabidopsis roots”
Claim · model-written summary
AGB1/AGG dimers interact with NDL1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AGB1/AGG dimerse0
- Outcome
- interaction between AGB1/AGG dimers and a protein designated N-MYC DOWNREGULATED-LIKE1 (NDL1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interaction between AGB1/AGG dimers and a protein designated N-MYC DOWNREGULATED-LIKE1 (NDL1)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
NDL2 and NDL3 interact with AGB1/AGG dimers.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- NDL2 and NDL3e0
- Outcome
- interact with AGB1/AGG1 and AGB1/AGG2 dimerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two homologs of NDL1 (NDL2 and NDL3), which also interact with AGB1/AGG1 and AGB1/AGG2 dimers”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
NDL proteins modulate root auxin transport and gradients partly through auxin transport facilitator levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- NDL proteinse0
- Outcome
- root auxin transport and auxin gradientse0
- Qualifier
- affecting the levels of at least two auxin transport facilitatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NDL proteins act in a signaling pathway that modulates root auxin transport and auxin gradients in part by affecting the levels of at least two auxin transport facilitators”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced NDL family expression altered root architecture, auxin transport and maxima.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Reduction of NDL family gene expressione0
- Outcome
- root architecture, auxin transport, and auxin maximae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of NDL family gene expression and overexpression of NDL1 alter root architecture, auxin transport, and auxin maxima”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
NDL1 overexpression altered root architecture, auxin transport and maxima.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- overexpression of NDL1e0
- Outcome
- root architecture, auxin transport, and auxin maximae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of NDL family gene expression and overexpression of NDL1 alter root architecture, auxin transport, and auxin maxima”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
AGB1, auxin and sugars are required for root NDL1 protein stability.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Gene
- AGB1e0
- Outcome
- NDL1 protein stabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AGB1, auxin, and sugars are required for NDL1 protein stability in regions of the root where auxin gradients are established”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · organism · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
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