Abstract
Copper (electrolytically generated or from cupric sulfate) is increasingly used to control diseases and algae in the greenhouse industry. However, there is a shortage of information regarding appropriate management strategies for Cu 2+ (Cu) in greenhouse hydroponic production. Three greenhouse studies were conducted to examine the growth and yield responses of sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. , Triple 4, red) to the application of Cu in hydroponic production systems. In the first two experiments, plants were grown on rockwool and irrigated with nutrient solutions containing Cu at concentrations of 0.05, 0.55, 1.05, 1.55, and 2.05 mg·L –1 . Copper treatments were started either when plants were 32 days old and continued for 4 weeks, or when plants were 11 weeks old and continued for 18 weeks, respectively. In the third experiment, roots of solution cultured pepper seedlings were exposed to Cu (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg·L –1 ) containing nutrient solutions for 2 hours per day for 3 weeks. Higher Cu treatment initialized when plants were 32 days old significantly reduced plant leaf number, leaf area, leaf biomass, specific leaf area, stem length and shoot biomass. The calculated Cu toxicity threshold was 0.19 mg·L –1 . However, when treatment initialized at plants were 11 weeks old, Cu did not have significant effects on leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area or specific leaf area. Copper started to show significant negative effects on leaf biomass and shoot biomass at 1.05 mg·L –1 or higher levels. Copper treatments did not have any significant effect on fruit number, fresh weight or dry weight. Under all the Cu levels, fresh fruit copper contents were lower than 0.95 mg·kg –1 which is below the drinking water standard of 1.3 mg·kg –1 . Seedling growth was significantly reduced by exposing roots to Cu (≥1.0 mg·L –1 ) containing solutions even for only 2 h·d –1 .
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Copper treatment started at 32 days reduced leaf number, leaf area and leaf biomass of sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper
Capsicum annuume1 - Material
- Triple 4e1
- Treatment
- Higher Cu treatment initialized when plants were 32 days olde0
- Outcome
- plant leaf number, leaf area, leaf biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. , Triple 4, red)”
e0“Higher Cu treatment initialized when plants were 32 days old significantly reduced plant leaf number, leaf area, leaf biomass, specific leaf area, stem length and shoot biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper treatment started at 32 days reduced specific leaf area, stem length and shoot biomass of sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Material
- Triple 4e1
- Treatment
- Higher Cu treatment initialized when plants were 32 days olde0
- Outcome
- specific leaf area, stem length and shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. , Triple 4, red)”
e0“Higher Cu treatment initialized when plants were 32 days old significantly reduced plant leaf number, leaf area, leaf biomass, specific leaf area, stem length and shoot biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper treatment started at 11 weeks did not significantly affect leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area or specific leaf area of sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- Cue2
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area or specific leaf areae2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Qualifier
- treatment initialized at plants were 11 weeks olde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. , Triple 4, red)”
e2“However, when treatment initialized at plants were 11 weeks old, Cu did not have significant effects on leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area or specific leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper at 1.05 mg·L –1 or higher significantly reduced leaf biomass and shoot biomass of sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- Coppere3
- Outcome
- leaf biomass and shoot biomasse3
- Direction
- negative effectse3
- Qualifier
- at 1.05 mg·L –1 or higher levelse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. , Triple 4, red)”
e3“Copper started to show significant negative effects on leaf biomass and shoot biomass at 1.05 mg·L –1 or higher levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper treatments had no significant effect on fruit number, fresh weight or dry weight of sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- Copper treatmentse4
- Outcome
- fruit number, fresh weight or dry weighte4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. , Triple 4, red)”
e4“Copper treatments did not have any significant effect on fruit number, fresh weight or dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh fruit copper contents of sweet pepper were lower than 0.95 mg·kg –1 under all copper levels, below the drinking water standard.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- all the Cu levelse5
- Outcome
- fresh fruit copper contentse5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 0.95 mg·kg –1e5
- Comparator
- drinking water standarde5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. , Triple 4, red)”
e5“Under all the Cu levels, fresh fruit copper contents were lower than 0.95 mg·kg –1 which is below the drinking water standard of 1.3 mg·kg –1”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposing sweet pepper roots to Cu at 1.0 mg·L –1 or higher for 2 h per day significantly reduced seedling growth.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- exposing roots to Cu (≥1.0 mg·L –1) containing solutionse6
- Outcome
- Seedling growthe6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. , Triple 4, red)”
e6“Seedling growth was significantly reduced by exposing roots to Cu (≥1.0 mg·L –1) containing solutions even for only 2 h·d –1”
Claim · model-written summary
The calculated Cu toxicity threshold for sweet pepper is 0.19 mg·L –1.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuume1
- Outcome
- Cu toxicity thresholde7
- Value
- 0.19 mg·L –1e7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. , Triple 4, red)”
e7“The calculated Cu toxicity threshold was 0.19 mg·L –1”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · growth · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
copper atom · physiology: pigments · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.