Abstract
Environmental stresses such as drought, heat, and salinity limit plant development and agricultural productivity. While individual stresses have been studied extensively, much less is known about the molecular interaction of responses to multiple stresses. To address this problem, we investigated molecular responses of Arabidopsis to single, double, and triple combinations of salt, osmotic, and heat stresses. A metabolite profiling analysis indicated the production of specific compatible solutes depending on the nature of the stress applied. We found that in combination with other stresses, heat has a dominant effect on global gene expression and metabolite level patterns. Treatments that include heat stress lead to strongly reduced transcription of genes coding for abundant photosynthetic proteins and proteins regulating the cell life cycle, while genes involved in protein degradation are up-regulated. Under combined stress conditions, the plants shifted their metabolism to a survival state characterized by low productivity. Our work provides molecular evidence for the dangers for plant productivity and future world food security posed by heat waves resulting from global warming. We highlight candidate genes, many of which are functionally uncharacterized, for engineering plant abiotic stress tolerance.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Stress type determined which compatible solutes were produced.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Treatment
- stress appliede0
- Outcome
- production of specific compatible solutese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A metabolite profiling analysis indicated the production of specific compatible solutes depending on the nature of the stress applied”
e1“molecular responses of Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat dominated global gene expression patterns under combined stresses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- heate0
- Outcome
- global gene expressione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in combination with other stresses, heat has a dominant effect on global gene expression and metabolite level patterns”
e1“molecular responses of Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat dominated metabolite level patterns under combined stresses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- heate0
- Outcome
- metabolite level patternse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in combination with other stresses, heat has a dominant effect on global gene expression and metabolite level patterns”
e1“molecular responses of Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat containing treatments reduced transcription of genes for abundant photosynthetic proteins and cell life cycle regulators.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- transcription of genes coding for abundant photosynthetic proteins and proteins regulating the cell life cyclee0
- Direction
- strongly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments that include heat stress lead to strongly reduced transcription of genes coding for abundant photosynthetic proteins and proteins regulating the cell life cycle”
e1“molecular responses of Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat containing treatments increased expression of protein degradation genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- heat stresse1
- Outcome
- genes involved in protein degradatione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes involved in protein degradation are up-regulated”
e1“Treatments that include heat stress”
e2“molecular responses of Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress shifted plants to a low productivity survival metabolism.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- combined stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- survival state characterized by low productivitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under combined stress conditions, the plants shifted their metabolism to a survival state characterized by low productivity”
e1“molecular responses of Arabidopsis”
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