Abstract
Glucosinolates are secondary metabolites derived from amino acids. Upon hydrolysis by myrosinases, they produce a variety of biologically active compounds. In this study, the glucosinolate-myrosinase system was characterized in Arabidopsis suspension cells. A total of seven glucosinolates were identified and the myrosinase activity was determined. Plant suspension cells have been used as model systems in many areas of study. To investigate whether the glucosinolate-myrosinase system in suspension cells works similarly to that in planta, 10-day-old seedling hypocotyls were used for comparative studies. A total of 16 glucosinolates were identified in hypocotyls. The two types of samples were also treated with methyljasmonate (MeJA)--a signaling compound induced by herbivore attack and wounding to initiate plant defense processes. The glucosinolate levels and their responses to MeJA varied greatly with the age of the cells. Two-day-old cells were most responsive, with the levels of all seven glucosinolates induced by MeJA, while in 4-day-old cells only the levels of indole glucosinolates were increased. In hypocotyls, the levels of indole glucosinolates and aliphatic glucosinolates (especially 4-methylsulfinylbutyl- and 8-methylsulfinyloctylglucosinolates) were significantly increased by MeJA treatment. The transcript levels of several genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis were induced in both suspension cells and hypocotyls after MeJA treatment. Myrosinase levels and activities were also monitored. The molecular bases underlying the differences of glucosinolate metabolism in the suspension cells and hypocotyls were discussed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Seven glucosinolates were identified in Arabidopsis suspension cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Organ / stage
- suspension cellse1
- Outcome
- glucosinolates were identifiede0
- Value
- seven glucosinolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of seven glucosinolates were identified”
e1“the glucosinolate-myrosinase system was characterized in Arabidopsis suspension cells.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixteen glucosinolates were identified in Arabidopsis hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse0
- Outcome
- glucosinolates were identifiede0
- Value
- 16 glucosinolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 16 glucosinolates were identified in hypocotyls.”
e1“Arabidopsis suspension cells”
Claim · model-written summary
The glucosinolate response to MeJA varied with Arabidopsis suspension cell age.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- cellse0
- Treatment
- MeJAe0
- Outcome
- glucosinolate levels and their responsese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The glucosinolate levels and their responses to MeJA varied greatly with the age of the cells.”
e1“Arabidopsis suspension cells”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA induced levels of all seven glucosinolates in two-day-old Arabidopsis cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- Two-day-old cellse0
- Treatment
- MeJAe0
- Outcome
- levels of all seven glucosinolatese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two-day-old cells were most responsive, with the levels of all seven glucosinolates induced by MeJA”
e1“Arabidopsis suspension cells”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA increased only indole glucosinolate levels in four-day-old Arabidopsis cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Organ / stage
- 4-day-old cellse0
- Treatment
- methyljasmonate (MeJA)e1
- Outcome
- levels of indole glucosinolatese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 4-day-old cells only the levels of indole glucosinolates were increased.”
e1“The two types of samples were also treated with methyljasmonate (MeJA)”
e2“Arabidopsis suspension cells”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA significantly increased indole glucosinolate levels in Arabidopsis hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse0
- Treatment
- MeJA treatmente0
- Outcome
- levels of indole glucosinolatese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In hypocotyls, the levels of indole glucosinolates and aliphatic glucosinolates (especially 4-methylsulfinylbutyl- and 8-methylsulfinyloctylglucosinolates) were significantly increased by MeJA treatment.”
e1“Arabidopsis suspension cells”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA significantly increased aliphatic glucosinolate levels, especially two named glucosinolates, in Arabidopsis hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse0
- Treatment
- MeJA treatmente0
- Outcome
- aliphatic glucosinolates (especially 4-methylsulfinylbutyl- and 8-methylsulfinyloctylglucosinolates)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In hypocotyls, the levels of indole glucosinolates and aliphatic glucosinolates (especially 4-methylsulfinylbutyl- and 8-methylsulfinyloctylglucosinolates) were significantly increased by MeJA treatment.”
e1“Arabidopsis suspension cells”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA induced transcripts of several glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis suspension cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- suspension cellse0
- Treatment
- MeJA treatmente0
- Gene
- genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- transcript levelse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transcript levels of several genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis were induced in both suspension cells and hypocotyls after MeJA treatment.”
e1“Arabidopsis suspension cells”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA induced transcripts of several glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse0
- Treatment
- MeJA treatmente0
- Gene
- genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- transcript levelse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transcript levels of several genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis were induced in both suspension cells and hypocotyls after MeJA treatment.”
e1“Arabidopsis suspension cells”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.