Abstract
Glucosinolates are natural plant products that function in the defense toward herbivores and pathogens. Plant defense is regulated by multiple signal transduction pathways in which salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid, and ethylene function as signaling molecules. Glucosinolate content was analyzed in Arabidopsis wild-type plants in response to single or combinatorial treatments with methyljasmonate (MeJA), 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid, ethylene, and 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid, or by wounding. In addition, several signal transduction mutants and the SA-depleted transgenic NahG line were analyzed. In parallel, expression of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes of the CYP79 gene family and the UDPG:thiohydroximate glucosyltransferase was monitored. After MeJA treatment, the amount of indole glucosinolates increased 3- to 4-fold, and the corresponding Trp-metabolizing genes CYP79B2 and CYP79B3 were both highly induced. Specifically, the indole glucosinolate N-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate accumulated 10-fold in response to MeJA treatment, whereas 4-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate accumulated 1.5-fold in response to 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid. In general, few changes were seen for the levels of aliphatic glucosinolates, although increases in the levels of 8-methylthiooctyl glucosinolate and 8-methylsulfinyloctyl glucosinolate were observed, particularly after MeJA treatments. The findings were supported by the composition of glucosinolates in the coronatine-insensitive mutant coi1, the ctr1 mutant displaying constitutive triple response, and the SA-overproducing mpk4 and cpr1 mutants. The present data indicate that different indole glucosinolate methoxylating enzymes are induced by the jasmonate and the SA signal transduction pathways, whereas the aliphatic glucosinolates appear to be primarily genetically and not environmentally controlled. Thus, different defense pathways activate subsets of biosynthetic enzymes, leading to the accumulation of specific glucosinolates.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
After MeJA treatment the amount of indole glucosinolates increased 3- to 4-fold in Arabidopsis wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- wild-typee1
- Treatment
- MeJAe2
- Outcome
- the amount of indole glucosinolatese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 3- to 4-folde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Glucosinolate content was analyzed in Arabidopsis wild-type plants in response to single or combinatorial treatments with methyljasmonate (MeJA)”
e2“After MeJA treatment, the amount of indole glucosinolates increased 3- to 4-fold”
t0“Glucosinolate Profiles in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA treatment highly induced the Trp-metabolizing genes CYP79B2 and CYP79B3 in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- MeJAe2
- Gene
- CYP79B2 and CYP79B3e3
- Outcome
- the corresponding Trp-metabolizing genese3
- Direction
- highly inducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“After MeJA treatment, the amount of indole glucosinolates increased 3- to 4-fold”
e3“the corresponding Trp-metabolizing genes CYP79B2 and CYP79B3 were both highly induced”
t0“Glucosinolate Profiles in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA treatment increased N-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate accumulation 10-fold in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- MeJA treatmente4
- Outcome
- N-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolatee4
- Direction
- accumulatede4
- Value
- 10-folde4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Specifically, the indole glucosinolate N-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate accumulated 10-fold in response to MeJA treatment”
t0“Glucosinolate Profiles in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The elicitor 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid increased 4-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate accumulation 1.5-fold in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acide5
- Outcome
- 4-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolatee5
- Direction
- accumulatede5
- Value
- 1.5-folde5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“whereas 4-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate accumulated 1.5-fold in response to 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid”
t0“Glucosinolate Profiles in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Aliphatic glucosinolate levels showed few changes across treatments in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- levels of aliphatic glucosinolatese6
- Qualifier
- few changes were seene6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“In general, few changes were seen for the levels of aliphatic glucosinolates”
t0“Glucosinolate Profiles in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA treatments increased the levels of 8-methylthiooctyl and 8-methylsulfinyloctyl glucosinolate in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- MeJA treatmentse7
- Outcome
- levels of 8-methylthiooctyl glucosinolate and 8-methylsulfinyloctyl glucosinolatee7
- Direction
- increasese7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“increases in the levels of 8-methylthiooctyl glucosinolate and 8-methylsulfinyloctyl glucosinolate were observed, particularly after MeJA treatments”
t0“Glucosinolate Profiles in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Aliphatic glucosinolates appear to be primarily genetically and not environmentally controlled in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- aliphatic glucosinolates appear to be primarily genetically and not environmentally controllede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the aliphatic glucosinolates appear to be primarily genetically and not environmentally controlled”
t0“Glucosinolate Profiles in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The composition of glucosinolates in the coi1 mutant supports the findings in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- coi1e0
- Outcome
- composition of glucosinolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings were supported by the composition of glucosinolates in the coronatine-insensitive mutant coi1”
t0“Glucosinolate Profiles in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Different indole glucosinolate methoxylating enzymes are induced by the jasmonate and the salicylic acid signal transduction pathways.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- indole glucosinolate methoxylating enzymese0
- Outcome
- methoxylating enzymes are inducede0
- Qualifier
- by the jasmonate and the SA signal transduction pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present data indicate that different indole glucosinolate methoxylating enzymes are induced by the jasmonate and the SA signal transduction pathways”
t0“Glucosinolate Profiles in Arabidopsis”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.