Abstract
Chemical seed treatments were evaluated for efficacy of disinfestation of lettuce seed that had been inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians. Three concentrations of each chemical were evaluated by treating seed lots for 5 or 15 min. In addition, the effects of each seed treatment on seed germination and early plant growth were examined by observing seed germination rates. Bacteria were not detected when seed were treated with 3 or 5% hydrogen peroxide for 5 or 15 min. Treatment of seed with 0.52% sodium hypochlorite was relatively ineffective at 5 and 15 min. When sodium hypochlorite was used at a 1% concentration for 15 min, the level of bacterial infestation was reduced to 2%. Suspensions of copper hydroxide plus mancozeb also reduced seedborne inoculum to ≤2%. Treatment of seed with copper hydroxide alone, benzoyl peroxide, or calcium peroxide did not reduce seed infestation levels significantly. Seed germination rates were 90% or greater for the majority of seed treatments tested in laboratory assays. Hydrogen peroxide treatments at a concentration of 5% reduced seed germination up to 28% compared with controls. However, no significant differences in germination were observed among control treatments (noninoculated, nontreated seed and inoculated, nontreated seed) and any of the chemical seed treatments when seed were sown in a pasteurized soil mix in the greenhouse.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide at 3 or 5% for 5 or 15 minutes left lettuce seed with no detected bacteria.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Treatment
- 3 or 5% hydrogen peroxide for 5 or 15 mine0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitiansXanthomonas hortorum pv. vitianse1
- Outcome
- Bacteria were not detectede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacteria were not detected when seed were treated with 3 or 5% hydrogen peroxide for 5 or 15 min.”
e1“lettuce seed that had been inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians”
Claim · model-written summary
A 0.52% sodium hypochlorite lettuce seed treatment was relatively ineffective at both durations.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- 0.52% sodium hypochloritee0
- Outcome
- relatively ineffectivee0
- Direction
- relatively ineffectivee0
- Qualifier
- 5 and 15 mine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of seed with 0.52% sodium hypochlorite was relatively ineffective at 5 and 15 min.”
e1“lettuce seed”
Claim · model-written summary
One percent sodium hypochlorite for 15 minutes reduced bacterial infestation of lettuce seed to 2%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- sodium hypochlorite was used at a 1% concentration for 15 mine0
- Outcome
- bacterial infestatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When sodium hypochlorite was used at a 1% concentration for 15 min, the level of bacterial infestation was reduced to 2%.”
e1“lettuce seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper hydroxide plus mancozeb reduced lettuce seedborne inoculum to at most 2%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- copper hydroxide plus mancozebe0
- Outcome
- seedborne inoculume0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ≤2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Suspensions of copper hydroxide plus mancozeb also reduced seedborne inoculum to ≤2%.”
e1“lettuce seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper hydroxide alone did not significantly reduce lettuce seed infestation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- copper hydroxide alonee0
- Outcome
- seed infestation levelse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of seed with copper hydroxide alone, benzoyl peroxide, or calcium peroxide did not reduce seed infestation levels significantly.”
e1“lettuce seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzoyl peroxide did not significantly reduce lettuce seed infestation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- benzoyl peroxidee0
- Outcome
- seed infestation levelse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of seed with copper hydroxide alone, benzoyl peroxide, or calcium peroxide did not reduce seed infestation levels significantly.”
e1“lettuce seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium peroxide did not significantly reduce lettuce seed infestation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- calcium peroxidee0
- Outcome
- seed infestation levelse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of seed with copper hydroxide alone, benzoyl peroxide, or calcium peroxide did not reduce seed infestation levels significantly.”
e1“lettuce seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Most lettuce seed treatments had laboratory germination rates of at least 90%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- Seed germination ratese0
- Value
- 90% or greatere0
- Setting
- laboratory assayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination rates were 90% or greater for the majority of seed treatments tested in laboratory assays.”
e1“lettuce seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Five percent hydrogen peroxide reduced lettuce seed germination by up to 28% versus controls.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- Hydrogen peroxide treatments at a concentration of 5%e0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogen peroxide treatments at a concentration of 5% reduced seed germination up to 28% compared with controls.”
e1“lettuce seed”
Claim · model-written summary
In greenhouse soil, lettuce germination did not differ significantly among controls and chemical seed treatments.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- chemical seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant differences in germination were observed among control treatments (noninoculated, nontreated seed and inoculated, nontreated seed) and any of the chemical seed treatments when seed were sown in a pasteurized soil mix in the greenhouse.”
e1“lettuce seed”
The same questions in other papers
sodium hypochlorite · pest · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
hydrogen peroxide · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →seed treatment · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 46 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.