Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive molecule involved in many biological events, and has been reported as pro-oxidant as well as anti-oxidant in plants. In the present study, the sources of NO production under water stress, the role of NO in water stress-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and subcellular activities of anti-oxidant enzymes in leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants were investigated. Water stress induced defense increases in the generation of NO in maize mesphyll cells and the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions of maize leaves. Water stress-induced defense increases in the production of NO were blocked by pretreatments with inhibitors of NOS and nitrate reductase (NR), suggesting that NO is produced from NOS and NR in leaves of maize plants exposed to water stress. Water stress also induced increases in the activities of the chloroplastic and cytosolic anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), and the increases in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes were reduced by pretreatments with inhibitors of NOS and NR. Exogenous NO increases the activities of water stress-induced subcellular anti-oxidant enzymes, which decreases accumulation of H2O2. Our results suggest that NOS and NR are involved in water stress-induced NO production and NOS is the major source of NO. The potential ability of NO to scavenge H2O2 is, at least in part, due to the induction of a subcellular anti-oxidant defense.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased NO generation in maize mesophyll cells.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e1“Water stress induced defense increases in the generation of NO in maize mesphyll cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in cytosolic and microsomal fractions of maize leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Treatment
- Water stresse2
- Gene
- nitric oxide synthase (NOS)e2
- Outcome
- activitye2
- Direction
- increasese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e2“Water stress induced defense increases in the generation of NO in maize mesphyll cells and the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions of maize leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with inhibitors of NOS and nitrate reductase blocked the water stress-induced increase in NO production in maize.
- Treatment
- pretreatments with inhibitors of NOS and nitrate reductase (NR)e3
- Outcome
- production of NOe3
- Direction
- blockede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e3“Water stress-induced defense increases in the production of NO were blocked by pretreatments with inhibitors of NOS and nitrate reductase (NR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased the activities of chloroplastic and cytosolic superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in maize.
- Treatment
- Water stresse4
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)e4
- Outcome
- activities of the chloroplastic and cytosolic anti-oxidant enzymese4
- Direction
- increasese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e4“Water stress also induced increases in the activities of the chloroplastic and cytosolic anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with inhibitors of NOS and NR reduced the water stress-induced increases in antioxidant enzyme activities in maize.
- Treatment
- pretreatments with inhibitors of NOS and NRe5
- Outcome
- the increases in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymese5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e5“the increases in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes were reduced by pretreatments with inhibitors of NOS and NR”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NO increased the activities of water stress-induced subcellular antioxidant enzymes in maize.
- Treatment
- Exogenous NOe6
- Outcome
- activities of water stress-induced subcellular anti-oxidant enzymese6
- Direction
- increasese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e6“Exogenous NO increases the activities of water stress-induced subcellular anti-oxidant enzymes, which decreases accumulation of H2O2”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NO decreased H2O2 accumulation in water-stressed maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e6“Exogenous NO increases the activities of water stress-induced subcellular anti-oxidant enzymes, which decreases accumulation of H2O2”
Claim · model-written summary
NOS and NR are involved in water stress-induced NO production in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e7“Our results suggest that NOS and NR are involved in water stress-induced NO production and NOS is the major source of NO”
Claim · model-written summary
NOS is the major source of NO in water-stressed maize leaves.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e7“Our results suggest that NOS and NR are involved in water stress-induced NO production and NOS is the major source of NO”
Claim · model-written summary
NO may scavenge H2O2 in part through induction of subcellular antioxidant defense in maize.
- Compound
- NOe7
- Outcome
- scavenge H2O2e7
- Qualifier
- at least in part, due to the induction of a subcellular anti-oxidant defensee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants”
e7“The potential ability of NO to scavenge H2O2 is, at least in part, due to the induction of a subcellular anti-oxidant defense”
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