Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and calcium (Ca2+)/calmodulin (CaM) are all required for abscisic acid (ABA)-induced antioxidant defence. Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is a strong candidate for the decoder of Ca2+ signals. However, whether CCaMK is involved in ABA-induced antioxidant defence is unknown. The results of the present study show that exogenous and endogenous ABA induced increases in the activity of ZmCCaMK and the expression of ZmCCaMK in leaves of maize. Subcellular localization analysis showed that ZmCCaMK is located in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, and the plasma membrane. The transient expression of ZmCCaMK and the RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of ZmCCaMK analysis in maize protoplasts revealed that ZmCCaMK is required for ABA-induced antioxidant defence. Moreover, treatment with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced the activation of ZmCCaMK and the expression of ZmCCaMK. Pre-treatments with an NO scavenger and inhibitor blocked the ABA-induced increases in the activity and the transcript level of ZmCCaMK. Conversely, RNAi silencing of ZmCCaMK in maize protoplasts did not affect the ABA-induced NO production, which was further confirmed using a mutant of OsCCaMK, the homologous gene of ZmCCaMK in rice. Moreover, H2O2 was also required for the ABA activation of ZmCCaMK, and pre-treatments with an NO scavenger and inhibitor inhibited the H2O2-induced increase in the activity of ZmCCaMK. Taken together, the data clearly suggest that ZmCCaMK is required for ABA-induced antioxidant defence, and H2O2-dependent NO production plays an important role in the ABA-induced activation of ZmCCaMK.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased ZmCCaMK activity and expression.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Gene
- ZmCCaMKe0
- Outcome
- activity of ZmCCaMK and the expression of ZmCCaMKe0
- Direction
- increasese0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous and endogenous ABA induced increases in the activity of ZmCCaMK and the expression of ZmCCaMK in leaves of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmCCaMK localized to three cellular compartments.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“ZmCCaMK is located in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, and the plasma membrane”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmCCaMK was required for ABA-induced antioxidant defence.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“revealed that ZmCCaMK is required for ABA-induced antioxidant defence”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP induced ZmCCaMK activation and expression.
- Treatment
- sodium nitroprusside (SNP)e0
- Gene
- ZmCCaMKe0
- Outcome
- activation of ZmCCaMK and the expression of ZmCCaMKe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“treatment with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced the activation of ZmCCaMK and the expression of ZmCCaMK”
Claim · model-written summary
NO scavenger and inhibitor blocked ABA-induced ZmCCaMK increases.
- Treatment
- an NO scavenger and inhibitore0
- Gene
- ZmCCaMKe0
- Outcome
- ABA-induced increases in the activity and the transcript level of ZmCCaMKe0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pre-treatments with an NO scavenger and inhibitor blocked the ABA-induced increases in the activity and the transcript level of ZmCCaMK”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing ZmCCaMK did not affect ABA-induced NO production.
- Treatment
- RNAi silencing of ZmCCaMKe0
- Gene
- ZmCCaMKe0
- Outcome
- ABA-induced NO productione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNAi silencing of ZmCCaMK in maize protoplasts did not affect the ABA-induced NO production”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 was required for ABA activation of ZmCCaMK.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“H2O2 was also required for the ABA activation of ZmCCaMK”
Claim · model-written summary
NO scavenger and inhibitor inhibited H2O2-induced ZmCCaMK activity.
- Treatment
- an NO scavenger and inhibitore0
- Gene
- ZmCCaMKe0
- Outcome
- H2O2-induced increase in the activity of ZmCCaMKe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“pre-treatments with an NO scavenger and inhibitor inhibited the H2O2-induced increase in the activity of ZmCCaMK”
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