Abstract
* The role of nitric oxide (NO) and the relationship between NO, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize (Zea mays) plants were investigated. * Both ABA and H(2)O(2) induced increases in the generation of NO in mesophyll cells of maize leaves, and H(2)O(2) was required for the ABA-induced generation of NO. Pretreatment with NO scavenger and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor substantially reduced the ABA-induced production of NO, and partly blocked the activation of a 46 kDa MAPK and the expression and the activities of several antioxidant enzymes induced by ABA. Treatment with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) also induced the activation of the MAPK, and enhanced the antioxidant defense systems. * Conversely, SNP treatment did not induce the production of H(2)O(2), and pretreatments with NO scavenger and NOS inhibitor did not affect ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production. * Our results suggest that ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production mediates NO generation, which, in turn, activates MAPK and results in the upregulation in the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in ABA signaling.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased nitric oxide generation in maize mesophyll cells.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both ABA and H(2)O(2) induced increases in the generation of NO in mesophyll cells of maize leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide increased nitric oxide generation in maize mesophyll cells.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both ABA and H(2)O(2) induced increases in the generation of NO in mesophyll cells of maize leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide was required for ABA-induced nitric oxide generation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H(2)O(2) was required for the ABA-induced generation of NO.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NO scavenger pretreatment substantially reduced ABA-induced NO production.
- Treatment
- NO scavengere0
- Outcome
- ABA-induced production of NOe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- substantiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with NO scavenger and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor substantially reduced the ABA-induced production of NO”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NOS inhibitor pretreatment substantially reduced ABA-induced NO production.
- Treatment
- nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitore0
- Outcome
- ABA-induced production of NOe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- substantiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with NO scavenger and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor substantially reduced the ABA-induced production of NO”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NO scavenger partly blocked ABA-induced MAPK activation and antioxidant enzyme expression and activities.
- Treatment
- NO scavengere0
- Gene
- MAPKe0
- Outcome
- activation of a 46 kDa MAPK and the expression and the activities of several antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- blockede0
- Qualifier
- partlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with NO scavenger and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor substantially reduced the ABA-induced production of NO, and partly blocked the activation of a 46 kDa MAPK and the expression and the activities of several antioxidant enzymes induced by ABA.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NOS inhibitor partly blocked ABA-induced MAPK activation and antioxidant enzyme expression and activities.
- Treatment
- nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitore0
- Gene
- MAPKe0
- Outcome
- activation of a 46 kDa MAPK and the expression and the activities of several antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- blockede0
- Qualifier
- partlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with NO scavenger and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor substantially reduced the ABA-induced production of NO, and partly blocked the activation of a 46 kDa MAPK and the expression and the activities of several antioxidant enzymes induced by ABA.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP induced MAPK activation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) also induced the activation of the MAPK, and enhanced the antioxidant defense systems.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP enhanced antioxidant defense systems.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) also induced the activation of the MAPK, and enhanced the antioxidant defense systems.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP did not induce peroxide production.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP treatment did not induce the production of H(2)O(2)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NO scavenger did not affect ABA-induced peroxide production.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatments with NO scavenger and NOS inhibitor did not affect ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NOS inhibitor did not affect ABA-induced peroxide production.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatments with NO scavenger and NOS inhibitor did not affect ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-induced peroxide mediates NO generation, MAPK activation and antioxidant enzyme upregulation.
- Gene
- MAPKe0
- Compound
- H(2)O(2)e0
- Outcome
- upregulation in the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Qualifier
- mediates NO generation, which, in turn, activates MAPKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results suggest that ABA-induced H(2)O(2) production mediates NO generation, which, in turn, activates MAPK and results in the upregulation in the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in ABA signaling.”
t0“maize”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.