Abstract
Roles of abscissic acid (ABA) in water stress-induced oxidative stress were investigated in leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings exposed to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). Treatment with PEG at -0.7 MPa for 12 and 24 h led to a reduction in leaf relative water content (RWC) by 7.8 and 14.1%, respectively. Duration of the osmotic treatments is considered as mild and moderate water stress. The mild water stress caused significant increases in the generation of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the contents of ascorbate (ASC), reduced glutathione (GSH). The moderate water stress failed to further enhance the capacity of antioxidant defense systems, as compared to the mild water stress. The contents of catalytic Fe, which is critical for H2O2-dependent hydroxyl radical (OH) production, and the oxidized forms of ascorbate and glutathione pools, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), markedly increased, a significant oxidative damage to lipids and proteins took place under the moderate water stress. Pretreatment with ABA caused an obvious reduction in the content of catalytic Fe and significant increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants, and then significantly reduced the contents of DHA and GSSG and the degrees of oxidative damage in leaves exposed to the moderate water stress. Pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, tungstate, significantly suppressed the accumulation of ABA induced by water stress, reduced the enhancement in the capacity of antioxidant defense systems, and resulted in an increase in catalytic Fe, DHA and GSSG, and oxidative damage in the water-stressed leaves. These effects were completely prevented by addition of ABA, which raised the internal ABA content. Our data indicate that ABA plays an important role in water stress-induced antioxidant defense against oxidative stress.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
PEG treatment for 12 h reduced maize leaf relative water content by 7.8%.
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- PEG at -0.7 MPae0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 7.8e0
- Qualifier
- 12e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with PEG at -0.7 MPa for 12 and 24 h led to a reduction in leaf relative water content (RWC) by 7.8 and 14.1%, respectively.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG treatment for 24 h reduced maize leaf relative water content by 14.1%.
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- PEG at -0.7 MPae0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 14.1e0
- Qualifier
- 24e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with PEG at -0.7 MPa for 12 and 24 h led to a reduction in leaf relative water content (RWC) by 7.8 and 14.1%, respectively.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mild water stress significantly increased generation of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
- Treatment
- mild water stresse0
- Outcome
- generation of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mild water stress caused significant increases in the generation of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the contents of ascorbate (ASC), reduced glutathione (GSH).”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mild water stress significantly increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX).
- Treatment
- mild water stresse0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mild water stress caused significant increases in the generation of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the contents of ascorbate (ASC), reduced glutathione (GSH).”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mild water stress significantly increased glutathione reductase (GR).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mild water stress caused significant increases in the generation of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the contents of ascorbate (ASC), reduced glutathione (GSH).”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mild water stress significantly increased contents of ascorbate (ASC), reduced glutathione (GSH).
- Treatment
- mild water stresse0
- Outcome
- contents of ascorbate (ASC), reduced glutathione (GSH)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mild water stress caused significant increases in the generation of superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the contents of ascorbate (ASC), reduced glutathione (GSH).”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate water stress did not further enhance antioxidant defense compared with mild stress.
- Treatment
- moderate water stresse0
- Outcome
- capacity of antioxidant defense systemse0
- Direction
- failed to further enhancee0
- Comparator
- mild water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The moderate water stress failed to further enhance the capacity of antioxidant defense systems, as compared to the mild water stress.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate water stress increased contents of catalytic Fe.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of catalytic Fe, which is critical for H2O2-dependent hydroxyl radical (OH) production, and the oxidized forms of ascorbate and glutathione pools, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), markedly increased, a significant oxidative damage to lipids and proteins took place under the moderate water stress.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate water stress increased dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG).
- Treatment
- moderate water stresse0
- Outcome
- dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG)e0
- Direction
- markedly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of catalytic Fe, which is critical for H2O2-dependent hydroxyl radical (OH) production, and the oxidized forms of ascorbate and glutathione pools, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), markedly increased, a significant oxidative damage to lipids and proteins took place under the moderate water stress.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate water stress increased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins.
- Treatment
- moderate water stresse0
- Outcome
- oxidative damage to lipids and proteinse0
- Direction
- significante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of catalytic Fe, which is critical for H2O2-dependent hydroxyl radical (OH) production, and the oxidized forms of ascorbate and glutathione pools, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), markedly increased, a significant oxidative damage to lipids and proteins took place under the moderate water stress.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment reduction content of catalytic Fe in maize under moderate water stress.
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with ABAe0
- Outcome
- content of catalytic Fee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- moderate water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with ABA caused an obvious reduction in the content of catalytic Fe and significant increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants, and then significantly reduced the contents of DHA and GSSG and the degrees of oxidative damage in leaves exposed to the moderate water stress.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment increases activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize under moderate water stress.
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with ABAe0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- moderate water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with ABA caused an obvious reduction in the content of catalytic Fe and significant increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants, and then significantly reduced the contents of DHA and GSSG and the degrees of oxidative damage in leaves exposed to the moderate water stress.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment increases contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants in maize under moderate water stress.
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with ABAe0
- Outcome
- contents of non-enzymatic antioxidantse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- moderate water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with ABA caused an obvious reduction in the content of catalytic Fe and significant increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants, and then significantly reduced the contents of DHA and GSSG and the degrees of oxidative damage in leaves exposed to the moderate water stress.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment reduced contents of DHA and GSSG in maize under moderate water stress.
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with ABAe0
- Outcome
- contents of DHA and GSSGe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- moderate water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with ABA caused an obvious reduction in the content of catalytic Fe and significant increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants, and then significantly reduced the contents of DHA and GSSG and the degrees of oxidative damage in leaves exposed to the moderate water stress.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment reduced degrees of oxidative damage in maize under moderate water stress.
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with ABAe0
- Outcome
- degrees of oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- moderate water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with ABA caused an obvious reduction in the content of catalytic Fe and significant increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants, and then significantly reduced the contents of DHA and GSSG and the degrees of oxidative damage in leaves exposed to the moderate water stress.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungstate pretreatment suppressed accumulation of ABA under water stress.
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, tungstatee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of ABAe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, tungstate, significantly suppressed the accumulation of ABA induced by water stress, reduced the enhancement in the capacity of antioxidant defense systems, and resulted in an increase in catalytic Fe, DHA and GSSG, and oxidative damage in the water-stressed leaves.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungstate pretreatment reduced capacity of antioxidant defense systems under water stress.
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, tungstatee0
- Outcome
- capacity of antioxidant defense systemse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, tungstate, significantly suppressed the accumulation of ABA induced by water stress, reduced the enhancement in the capacity of antioxidant defense systems, and resulted in an increase in catalytic Fe, DHA and GSSG, and oxidative damage in the water-stressed leaves.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungstate pretreatment increase catalytic Fe, DHA and GSSG under water stress.
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, tungstatee0
- Outcome
- catalytic Fe, DHA and GSSGe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, tungstate, significantly suppressed the accumulation of ABA induced by water stress, reduced the enhancement in the capacity of antioxidant defense systems, and resulted in an increase in catalytic Fe, DHA and GSSG, and oxidative damage in the water-stressed leaves.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungstate pretreatment increase oxidative damage under water stress.
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, tungstatee0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, tungstate, significantly suppressed the accumulation of ABA induced by water stress, reduced the enhancement in the capacity of antioxidant defense systems, and resulted in an increase in catalytic Fe, DHA and GSSG, and oxidative damage in the water-stressed leaves.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding ABA prevented the tungstate effects and raised internal ABA content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These effects were completely prevented by addition of ABA, which raised the internal ABA content.”
t0“Role of Abscisic Acid in Water Stress-induced Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize Seedlings”
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See all 38 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.