Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) trees responded to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers. In low P soils, leaf, and fruit P concentrations were increased and yield was improved with moderate rates of mono‐ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizers. Improved fruit quality including fruit firmness, red fruit color of ‘Delicious’ apples, and a lower incidence of fruit disorders of apples (bitter pit) and pears (alfalfa greening and cork spot) was frequently associated with trees that were fertilized with calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] (CN). Although yield was often improved in experiments containing N‐P‐K or MAP fertilizers, long‐term use of N‐P‐K or MAP could be associated with a higher incidence of fruit disorders and a lower soil pH than with CN fertilizer at equivalent rates of N.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate MAP rates increased leaf phosphorus in apple and pear trees in low-P soils.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) trees
Malus domestica_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise0 - Treatment
- moderate rates of mono‐ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- leaf, and fruit P concentrationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- low P soilse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) trees responded to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers.”
e1“In low P soils, leaf, and fruit P concentrations were increased and yield was improved with moderate rates of mono‐ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate MAP rates improved apple and pear yield in low-P soils.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) treesMalus domesticaPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- moderate rates of mono‐ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Setting
- low P soilse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) trees responded to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers.”
e1“In low P soils, leaf, and fruit P concentrations were increased and yield was improved with moderate rates of mono‐ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate fertilization was frequently associated with firmer fruit in apple and pear.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) treesMalus domesticaPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] (CN)e1
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse1
- Direction
- Improvede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) trees”
e1“Improved fruit quality including fruit firmness, red fruit color of ‘Delicious’ apples, and a lower incidence of fruit disorders of apples (bitter pit) and pears (alfalfa greening and cork spot) was frequently associated with trees that were fertilized with calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] (CN).”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate fertilization was frequently associated with improved red fruit color in Delicious apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Delicious’e0
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] (CN)e1
- Outcome
- red fruit colore0
- Direction
- Improvede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red fruit color of ‘Delicious’ apples”
e1“Improved fruit quality including fruit firmness, red fruit color of ‘Delicious’ apples, and a lower incidence of fruit disorders of apples (bitter pit) and pears (alfalfa greening and cork spot) was frequently associated with trees that were fertilized with calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] (CN).”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate fertilization was frequently associated with lower bitter pit incidence in apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] (CN)e1
- Outcome
- incidence of fruit disorders of apples (bitter pit)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a lower incidence of fruit disorders of apples (bitter pit)”
e1“trees that were fertilized with calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] (CN)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate fertilization was frequently associated with lower alfalfa greening and cork spot incidence in pears.
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] (CN)e1
- Outcome
- incidence of fruit disorders of apples (bitter pit) and pears (alfalfa greening and cork spot)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
PyrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a lower incidence of fruit disorders of apples (bitter pit) and pears (alfalfa greening and cork spot)”
e1“trees that were fertilized with calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] (CN)”
Claim · model-written summary
N-P-K or MAP fertilizers often improved yield.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) treesMalus domesticaPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- N‐P‐K or MAP fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) trees”
e1“yield was often improved in experiments containing N‐P‐K or MAP fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term N-P-K or MAP use could increase fruit disorder incidence relative to CN at equivalent nitrogen rates.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) treesMalus domesticaPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- long‐term use of N‐P‐K or MAPe1
- Outcome
- incidence of fruit disorderse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- at equivalent rates of Ne1
- Comparator
- CN fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) trees”
e1“long‐term use of N‐P‐K or MAP could be associated with a higher incidence of fruit disorders and a lower soil pH than with CN fertilizer at equivalent rates of N”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term N-P-K or MAP use could be associated with lower soil pH relative to CN at equivalent nitrogen rates.
- Taxon
- Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) treesMalus domesticaPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- long‐term use of N‐P‐K or MAPe1
- Outcome
- soil pHe1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- at equivalent rates of Ne1
- Comparator
- CN fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) and pear (Pyrus communis, L.) trees”
e1“long‐term use of N‐P‐K or MAP could be associated with a higher incidence of fruit disorders and a lower soil pH than with CN fertilizer at equivalent rates of N”
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