Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are a class of plant hormones involved in the regulation of flower development in Arabidopsis. The GA-deficient ga1-3 mutant shows retarded growth of all floral organs, especially abortive stamen development that results in complete male sterility. Until now, it has not been clear how GA regulates the late-stage development of floral organs after the establishment of their identities within floral meristems. Various combinations of null mutations of DELLA proteins can gradually rescue floral defects in ga1-3. In particular, the synergistic effect of rga-t2 and rgl2-1 can substantially restore flower development in ga1-3. We find that the transcript levels of floral homeotic genes APETALA3 (AP3), PISTILLATA (PI), and AGAMOUS (AG) are immediately upregulated in young flowers of ga1-3 upon GA treatment. Using a steroid-inducible activation of RGA, we further demonstrated that these floral homeotic genes are transcriptionally repressed by RGA activity in young flowers whereas the expression of LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1) is not substantially affected. In addition, we observed the partial rescue of floral defects in ga1-3 by overexpression of AG. Our results indicate that GA promotes the expression of floral homeotic genes by antagonizing the effects of DELLA proteins, thereby allowing continued flower development.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Combinations of DELLA null mutations progressively rescue ga1-3 floral defects.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Material
- ga1-3e0
- Treatment
- null mutations of DELLA proteinse0
- Outcome
- floral defectse0
- Direction
- rescuee0
- Comparator
- ga1-3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Various combinations of null mutations of DELLA proteins can gradually rescue floral defects in ga1-3”
e1“flower development in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The rga-t2 and rgl2-1 combination substantially restores flower development in ga1-3.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- rga-t2 and rgl2-1e0
- Outcome
- flower developmente0
- Direction
- restoree0
- Comparator
- ga1-3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the synergistic effect of rga-t2 and rgl2-1 can substantially restore flower development in ga1-3”
e1“flower development in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
GA treatment immediately upregulates AP3, PI, and AG transcripts in young ga1-3 flowers.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- ga1-3e0
- Organ / stage
- young flowerse0
- Treatment
- GA treatmente0
- Outcome
- transcript levels of floral homeotic genes APETALA3 (AP3), PISTILLATA (PI), and AGAMOUS (AG)e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcript levels of floral homeotic genes APETALA3 (AP3), PISTILLATA (PI), and AGAMOUS (AG) are immediately upregulated in young flowers of ga1-3 upon GA treatment”
e1“flower development in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
RGA activity represses AP3, PI, and AG transcription in young flowers.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Organ / stage
- young flowerse0
- Treatment
- RGA activitye0
- Outcome
- floral homeotic genese0
- Direction
- repressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“floral homeotic genes are transcriptionally repressed by RGA activity in young flowers”
e1“flower development in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
RGA activation does not substantially affect LFY and AP1 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- steroid-inducible activation of RGAe1
- Outcome
- expression of LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1)e0
- Direction
- not substantially affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1) is not substantially affected”
e1“steroid-inducible activation of RGA”
e2“flower development in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
AG overexpression partially rescues floral defects in ga1-3.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- overexpression of AGe0
- Outcome
- floral defectse0
- Direction
- rescuee0
- Comparator
- ga1-3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“partial rescue of floral defects in ga1-3 by overexpression of AG”
e1“flower development in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
GA promotes floral homeotic gene expression by antagonizing DELLA effects, allowing continued floral development.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- DELLA proteinse0
- Outcome
- expression of floral homeotic genese0
- Qualifier
- antagonizing the effects of DELLA proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA promotes the expression of floral homeotic genes by antagonizing the effects of DELLA proteins, thereby allowing continued flower development”
e1“flower development in Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.