Abstract
This paper shows the effects of re-aeration on the glutathione pool following a prolonged period of root hypoxia. An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo), grown in a nitrogen-flushed nutrient solution (HI) with their shoots in air compared with roots of aerobically grown plants (C). Re-aeration of hypoxically pretreated roots causes oxidative injury indicated by the oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH), decrease of total thiol-groups and increased formation of TBA reactive material (lipid peroxidation). Re-admission of oxygen results in a 50% rise in oxygen uptake over the whole 16 h re-aeration period compared with the control. During this time the overall glutathione pool of HI treatment increases to almost double that of the control, essentially reflected in the amount of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Hypoxically pretreated roots showed lower glutathione reductase activity (GR) than the control. Immediately following re-aeration the activity was further decreased to a limiting value which seems to prevent full reduction of the newly formed glutathione. Therefore, the capacity to reduce the GSSG pool is below the capacity for net glutathione synthesis. This results in a decline of the GSH/GSSG ratio which reflects oxidative stress. The enzyme activity recovers slowly after re-aeration exceeding the values of aerobically grown roots only after 16 h correlating with a high reduction state of the glutathione pool. Copper, known to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species, strengthened the effect of re-aeration and enhanced the post-anoxic injury irreversibly. The importance of the glutathione system in roots to cope with varying oxygen tension is discussed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxically pretreated wheat roots had higher total glutathione content than aerobically grown roots
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Alcedoe0
- Treatment
- nitrogen-flushed nutrient solutione1
- Outcome
- total glutathionee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- aerobically grown plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“grown in a nitrogen-flushed nutrient solution (HI) with their shoots in air compared with roots of aerobically grown plants (C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Re-aeration of hypoxically pretreated roots causes oxidation of reduced glutathione
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Re-aeration of hypoxically pretreated rootse1
- Outcome
- oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH)e1
- Direction
- oxidatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“Re-aeration of hypoxically pretreated roots causes oxidative injury indicated by the oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH), decrease of total thiol-groups and increased formation of TBA reactive material (lipid peroxidation)”
Claim · model-written summary
Re-aeration decreased total thiol groups in hypoxically pretreated roots
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Re-aeration of hypoxically pretreated rootse1
- Outcome
- total thiol-groupse1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“Re-aeration of hypoxically pretreated roots causes oxidative injury indicated by the oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH), decrease of total thiol-groups and increased formation of TBA reactive material (lipid peroxidation)”
Claim · model-written summary
Re-aeration increased formation of TBA reactive material (lipid peroxidation) in hypoxically pretreated roots
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Re-aeration of hypoxically pretreated rootse1
- Outcome
- TBA reactive materiale1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“Re-aeration of hypoxically pretreated roots causes oxidative injury indicated by the oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH), decrease of total thiol-groups and increased formation of TBA reactive material (lipid peroxidation)”
Claim · model-written summary
Re-admission of oxygen raised oxygen uptake by 50% over the 16 h re-aeration period relative to the control
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Re-admission of oxygene1
- Outcome
- oxygen uptakee1
- Direction
- risee1
- Value
- 50%e1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“Re-admission of oxygen results in a 50% rise in oxygen uptake over the whole 16 h re-aeration period compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall glutathione pool of hypoxically pretreated roots during re-aeration reached almost double that of the control
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- HI treatmente1
- Outcome
- overall glutathione poole1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- almost doublee1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“During this time the overall glutathione pool of HI treatment increases to almost double that of the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione reductase activity was lower in hypoxically pretreated roots than in the control
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Hypoxically pretreated rootse1
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase activitye1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“Hypoxically pretreated roots showed lower glutathione reductase activity (GR) than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione reductase activity was further decreased immediately after re-aeration
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Immediately following re-aeratione1
- Outcome
- activitye1
- Direction
- further decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“Immediately following re-aeration the activity was further decreased to a limiting value”
Claim · model-written summary
The GSH/GSSG ratio declined after re-aeration, reflecting oxidative stress
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Re-aeration of hypoxically pretreated rootse1
- Outcome
- GSH/GSSG ratioe2
- Direction
- declinee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“Re-aeration of hypoxically pretreated roots causes oxidative injury indicated by the oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH), decrease of total thiol-groups and increased formation of TBA reactive material (lipid peroxidation)”
e2“This results in a decline of the GSH/GSSG ratio which reflects oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione reductase activity exceeded aerobic values only after 16 h of re-aeration
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- after re-aeratione1
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye1
- Direction
- exceedinge1
- Value
- only after 16 he1
- Comparator
- aerobically grown rootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“The enzyme activity recovers slowly after re-aeration exceeding the values of aerobically grown roots only after 16 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper strengthened the effect of re-aeration and irreversibly enhanced post-anoxic injury
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Coppere1
- Outcome
- post-anoxic injurye1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“Copper, known to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species, strengthened the effect of re-aeration and enhanced the post-anoxic injury irreversibly”
Claim · model-written summary
Capacity to reduce the GSSG pool is below the capacity for net glutathione synthesis, producing oxidative stress
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- capacity to reduce the GSSG poole1
- Qualifier
- capacity for net glutathione synthesise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increased content of total glutathione has been measured in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alcedo)”
e1“Therefore, the capacity to reduce the GSSG pool is below the capacity for net glutathione synthesis”
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See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.