Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were subjected to combined waterlogging and shading (WS) at 0-7, 8-15, 16-23 and 24-31 days after anthesis (DAA). WS at 0-7, 8-15, 16-23 and 24-31 DAA caused a yield loss of 17.18%, 14.98%, 7.93% and 7.05%, respectively. These losses were related to reductions in post-anthesis photoassimilate accumulation and 1000-kernel weight. WS reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry under dark adaptation, actual photosynthetic efficiency and the photochemical quenching coefficient, but increased the quantum yield of quenching. WS caused enhanced concentrations of malondialdehyde and H2O2, and an increased superoxide anion release. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were stimulated at 4 days after the onset of WS at 0-7 and 8-15 DAA, but decreased at 8 days after the onset of WS at 0-7, 8-15 and 16-23 DAA. Ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activity increased during 0-8 days after the onset of WS at 0-7, 8-15 and 16-23 DAA. At 16-24 DAA, Pn, the level of reactive oxygen species and activity of the antioxidative enzymes fully recovered in plants subjected to WS at 0-7 DAA, but only partially recovered under WS at 8-15 DAA. Expression of the photosythesis-responsive genes RcaB and Cab, and the antioxidative enzyme-related genes Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and GR were consistent with the performance of Pn and the activity of the antioxidative enzymes.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Combined waterlogging and shading at 0-7 days after anthesis caused 17.18% yield loss in wheat.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WS at 0-7, 8-15, 16-23 and 24-31 DAA caused a yield loss of 17.18%, 14.98%, 7.93% and 7.05%, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined waterlogging and shading at 8-15 days after anthesis caused 14.98% yield loss in wheat.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WS at 0-7, 8-15, 16-23 and 24-31 DAA caused a yield loss of 17.18%, 14.98%, 7.93% and 7.05%, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined waterlogging and shading at 16-23 days after anthesis caused 7.93% yield loss in wheat.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WS at 0-7, 8-15, 16-23 and 24-31 DAA caused a yield loss of 17.18%, 14.98%, 7.93% and 7.05%, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined waterlogging and shading at 24-31 days after anthesis caused 7.05% yield loss in wheat.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WS at 0-7, 8-15, 16-23 and 24-31 DAA caused a yield loss of 17.18%, 14.98%, 7.93% and 7.05%, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield losses were related to reduced post-anthesis photoassimilate accumulation and 1000-kernel weight.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- post-anthesis photoassimilate accumulation and 1000-kernel weighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- These lossese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These losses were related to reductions in post-anthesis photoassimilate accumulation and 1000-kernel weight.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress reduced four photosynthetic performance measures.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WSe0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry under dark adaptation, actual photosynthetic efficiency and the photochemical quenching coefficiente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WS reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry under dark adaptation, actual photosynthetic efficiency and the photochemical quenching coefficient”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress increased quantum yield of quenching.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WSe1
- Outcome
- quantum yield of quenchinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but increased the quantum yield of quenching.”
t0“wheat”
e1“WS reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry under dark adaptation, actual photosynthetic efficiency and the photochemical quenching coefficient”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress increased malondialdehyde and H2O2 concentrations and superoxide anion release.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WSe0
- Outcome
- concentrations of malondialdehyde and H2O2, and an increased superoxide anion releasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WS caused enhanced concentrations of malondialdehyde and H2O2, and an increased superoxide anion release.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity rose four days after early stress onset.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WSe0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase and catalase activitye0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- 4 days after the onset of WS at 0-7 and 8-15 DAAe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were stimulated at 4 days after the onset of WS at 0-7 and 8-15 DAA”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity fell eight days after early stress onset.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WSe0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase and catalase activitye1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 8 days after the onset of WS at 0-7, 8-15 and 16-23 DAAe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but decreased at 8 days after the onset of WS at 0-7, 8-15 and 16-23 DAA.”
t0“wheat”
e1“Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were stimulated at 4 days after the onset of WS at 0-7 and 8-15 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Four ascorbate recycling enzyme activities increased after combined stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WSe0
- Outcome
- Ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activity increased during 0-8 days after the onset of WS at 0-7, 8-15 and 16-23 DAA.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant activity fully recovered after stress at 0-7 days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WS at 0-7 DAAe0
- Outcome
- Pn, the level of reactive oxygen species and activity of the antioxidative enzymese0
- Direction
- fully recoverede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 16-24 DAA, Pn, the level of reactive oxygen species and activity of the antioxidative enzymes fully recovered in plants subjected to WS at 0-7 DAA”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The same measures only partially recovered after stress at 8-15 days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WS at 8-15 DAAe0
- Outcome
- Pn, the level of reactive oxygen species and activity of the antioxidative enzymese1
- Direction
- partially recoverede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but only partially recovered under WS at 8-15 DAA.”
t0“wheat”
e1“At 16-24 DAA, Pn, the level of reactive oxygen species and activity of the antioxidative enzymes fully recovered in plants subjected to WS at 0-7 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis and antioxidant gene expression tracked corresponding physiological activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- RcaB and Cabe0
- Outcome
- Expression of the photosythesis-responsive genes RcaB and Cab, and the antioxidative enzyme-related genes Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and GRe0
- Comparator
- performance of Pn and the activity of the antioxidative enzymese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of the photosythesis-responsive genes RcaB and Cab, and the antioxidative enzyme-related genes Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and GR were consistent with the performance of Pn and the activity of the antioxidative enzymes.”
t0“wheat”
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