Abstract
Adventitious root formation at the base of plant cuttings is an innate de novo organogenesis process that allows massive vegetative propagation of many economically and ecologically important species. The early molecular events following shoot excision are not well understood. Using whole-genome microarrays, we detected significant transcriptome remodeling during 48 h following shoot removal in Populus tremula x Populus alba softwood cuttings in the absence of exogenous auxin, with 27% and 36% of the gene models showing differential abundance between 0 and 6 h and between 6 and 24 h, respectively. During these two time intervals, gene networks involved in protein turnover, protein phosphorylation, molecular transport, and translation were among the most significantly regulated. Transgenic lines expressing a constitutively active form of the Populus type-B cytokinin response regulator PtRR13 (DeltaDDKPtRR13) have a delayed rooting phenotype and cause misregulation of CONTINUOUS VASCULAR RING1, a negative regulator of vascularization; PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE TRANSPORTER9, an auxin efflux transporter; and two APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR genes with sequence similarity to TINY. Inappropriate cytokinin action via DeltaDDKPtRR13 expression appeared to disrupt adventitious root development 24 h after shoot excision, when root founder cells are hypothesized to be sensitive to the negative effects of cytokinin. Our results are consistent with PtRR13 acting downstream of cytokinin to repress adventitious root formation in intact plants, and that reduced cytokinin signaling after shoot excision enables coordinated expression of ethylene, auxin, and vascularization pathways leading to adventitious root development.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot removal remodeled the transcriptome in Populus cuttings over 48 h.
- Taxon
- Populus tremula x Populus alba
Populus tremula ×Populus albae0 - Organ / stage
- softwood cuttingse0
- Treatment
- shoot removale0
- Outcome
- transcriptome remodelinge0
- Value
- 48 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we detected significant transcriptome remodeling during 48 h following shoot removal in Populus tremula x Populus alba softwood cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene models differed in abundance by 27% between 0 and 6 h.
PopulusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27% and 36% of the gene models showing differential abundance between 0 and 6 h and between 6 and 24 h, respectively.”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene models differed in abundance by 36% between 6 and 24 h.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27% and 36% of the gene models showing differential abundance between 0 and 6 h and between 6 and 24 h, respectively.”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
Networks for protein turnover, phosphorylation, transport and translation were strongly regulated.
- Outcome
- gene networks involved in protein turnover, protein phosphorylation, molecular transport, and translatione0
- Direction
- most significantly regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene networks involved in protein turnover, protein phosphorylation, molecular transport, and translation were among the most significantly regulated.”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutively active PtRR13 lines had delayed rooting.
- Treatment
- Transgenic lines expressing a constitutively active form of the Populus type-B cytokinin response regulator PtRR13 (DeltaDDKPtRR13)e0
- Gene
- Populus type-B cytokinin response regulator PtRR13e0
- Outcome
- rooting phenotypee0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic lines expressing a constitutively active form of the Populus type-B cytokinin response regulator PtRR13 (DeltaDDKPtRR13) have a delayed rooting phenotype”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutively active PtRR13 misregulated CONTINUOUS VASCULAR RING1.
- Treatment
- DeltaDDKPtRR13e1
- Gene
- CONTINUOUS VASCULAR RING1e0
- Outcome
- misregulation of CONTINUOUS VASCULAR RING1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cause misregulation of CONTINUOUS VASCULAR RING1, a negative regulator of vascularization”
e1“Transgenic lines expressing a constitutively active form of the Populus type-B cytokinin response regulator PtRR13 (DeltaDDKPtRR13) have a delayed rooting phenotype”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutively active PtRR13 misregulated PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE TRANSPORTER9.
- Treatment
- DeltaDDKPtRR13e1
- Gene
- PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE TRANSPORTER9e0
- Outcome
- PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE TRANSPORTER9e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE TRANSPORTER9, an auxin efflux transporter”
e1“Transgenic lines expressing a constitutively active form of the Populus type-B cytokinin response regulator PtRR13 (DeltaDDKPtRR13) have a delayed rooting phenotype”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutively active PtRR13 misregulated two APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR genes.
- Treatment
- DeltaDDKPtRR13e1
- Gene
- APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR genese0
- Outcome
- APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR genese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR genes with sequence similarity to TINY”
e1“Transgenic lines expressing a constitutively active form of the Populus type-B cytokinin response regulator PtRR13 (DeltaDDKPtRR13) have a delayed rooting phenotype”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
DeltaDDKPtRR13 expression appeared to disrupt adventitious root development at 24 h.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inappropriate cytokinin action via DeltaDDKPtRR13 expression appeared to disrupt adventitious root development 24 h after shoot excision”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
PtRR13 was interpreted as repressing adventitious root formation downstream of cytokinin.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PtRR13 acting downstream of cytokinin to repress adventitious root formation in intact plants”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced cytokinin signaling was interpreted as enabling coordinated pathways leading to adventitious roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced cytokinin signaling after shoot excision enables coordinated expression of ethylene, auxin, and vascularization pathways leading to adventitious root development”
t0“Populus”
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