Abstract
Tissue regeneration upon wounding in plants highlights the developmental plasticity of plants. Previous studies have described the morphological and molecular changes of secondary vascular tissue (SVT) regeneration after large-scale bark girdling in trees. However, how phytohormones regulate SVT regeneration is still unknown. Here, we established a novel in vitro SVT regeneration system in the hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) clone T89 to bypass the limitation of using field-grown trees. The effects of phytohormones on SVT regeneration were investigated by applying exogenous hormones and utilizing various transgenic trees. Vascular tissue-specific markers and hormonal response factors were also examined during SVT regeneration. Using this in vitro regeneration system, we demonstrated that auxin and cytokinin differentially regulate phloem and cambium regeneration. Whereas auxin is sufficient to induce regeneration of phloem prior to continuous cambium restoration, cytokinin only promotes the formation of new phloem, not cambium. The positive role of cytokinin on phloem regeneration was further confirmed in cytokinin overexpression trees. Analysis of a DR5 reporter transgenic line further suggested that cytokinin blocks the re-establishment of auxin gradients, which is required for the cambium formation. Investigation on the auxin and cytokinin signalling genes indicated these two hormones interact to regulate SVT regeneration. Taken together, the in vitro SVT regeneration system allows us to make use of various molecular and genetic tools to investigate SVT regeneration. Our results confirmed that complementary auxin and cytokinin domains are required for phloem and cambium reconstruction.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin is sufficient to induce phloem regeneration in Populus before cambium restoration.
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential regulation of auxin and cytokinin during the secondary vascular tissue regeneration inPopulustrees”
e2“Whereas auxin is sufficient to induce regeneration of phloem prior to continuous cambium restoration, cytokinin only promotes the formation of new phloem, not cambium”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin promotes formation of new phloem in Populus.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential regulation of auxin and cytokinin during the secondary vascular tissue regeneration inPopulustrees”
e2“Whereas auxin is sufficient to induce regeneration of phloem prior to continuous cambium restoration, cytokinin only promotes the formation of new phloem, not cambium”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin does not promote cambium formation in Populus.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential regulation of auxin and cytokinin during the secondary vascular tissue regeneration inPopulustrees”
e2“Whereas auxin is sufficient to induce regeneration of phloem prior to continuous cambium restoration, cytokinin only promotes the formation of new phloem, not cambium”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin overexpression trees showed a positive role of cytokinin in phloem regeneration.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential regulation of auxin and cytokinin during the secondary vascular tissue regeneration inPopulustrees”
e2“The positive role of cytokinin on phloem regeneration was further confirmed in cytokinin overexpression trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin is suggested to block re-establishment of auxin gradients that is required for cambium formation.
- Material
- DR5 reporter transgenic linee2
- Treatment
- cytokinine2
- Outcome
- re-establishment of auxin gradientse2
- Qualifier
- required for the cambium formatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential regulation of auxin and cytokinin during the secondary vascular tissue regeneration inPopulustrees”
e2“Analysis of a DR5 reporter transgenic line further suggested that cytokinin blocks the re-establishment of auxin gradients, which is required for the cambium formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin and cytokinin signalling genes indicate that the two hormones interact to regulate SVT regeneration.
- Gene
- auxin and cytokinin signalling genese2
- Outcome
- SVT regeneratione2
- Qualifier
- these two hormones interacte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential regulation of auxin and cytokinin during the secondary vascular tissue regeneration inPopulustrees”
e2“Investigation on the auxin and cytokinin signalling genes indicated these two hormones interact to regulate SVT regeneration”
Claim · model-written summary
An in vitro SVT regeneration system was established in hybrid aspen to bypass the use of field-grown trees.
Verbatim
t0“Differential regulation of auxin and cytokinin during the secondary vascular tissue regeneration inPopulustrees”
e2“Here, we established a novel in vitro SVT regeneration system in the hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) clone T89 to bypass the limitation of using field-grown trees”
The same questions in other papers
class · growth · Populus (poplar)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.