Abstract
Aerially applied adherent corn flour granules containing 1% malathion were more often as, or more, effective than 15% chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 15G) granules in controlling caterpillars and sap beetles in high amylose corn in 1997 than 1996. Use of malathion granules corresponding closely in size to chlorpyrifos granules in the second year of the study apparently increased relative efficacy. Significantly less corn borer damage occurred on plants (1996) or ears (1997) within 2 wk of application for both types of insecticide granules compared with untreated plots. In 1997, there were sixfold fewer milk stage ears with more than 20 kernels damaged per ear in the malathion-treated plots compared with chlorpyrifos-treated plots, and severity of caterpillar damage was also less in malathion versus chlorpyrifos-treated plots at harvest. Control of beetles (corn rootworm adults and sap beetles) for both treatments was less effective compared with caterpillars. Significant corn rootworm adult control was noted for both chlorpyrifos and malathion in 1996 and significant sap beetle control was noted for the malathion granules in 1997. Significantly fewer live lady beetles, and more dead lady beetles were present in chlorpyrifos-treated plots compared with malathion-treated or untreated plots in 1996. The incidence and severity of Fusarium mold on ears at harvest was often indirectly reduced by both malathion treatments and chlorpyrifos treatments, with the malathion treatment significantly better than the chlorpyrifos treatment in one case.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion granules were at least as effective as chlorpyrifos for controlling caterpillars and sap beetles more often in 1997 than 1996.
Verbatim
e0“Aerially applied adherent corn flour granules containing 1% malathion were more often as, or more, effective than 15% chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 15G) granules in controlling caterpillars and sap beetles in high amylose corn in 1997 than 1996”
Claim · model-written summary
Matching malathion granule size to chlorpyrifos granules apparently increased relative efficacy in year two.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Outcome
- relative efficacye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- apparentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of malathion granules corresponding closely in size to chlorpyrifos granules in the second year of the study apparently increased relative efficacy”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Both insecticide granules significantly reduced corn borer damage on plants or ears within two weeks versus untreated plots.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- both types of insecticide granulese0
- Interactor
- corn borere0pest
- Outcome
- corn borer damagee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly less corn borer damage occurred on plants (1996) or ears (1997) within 2 wk of application for both types of insecticide granules compared with untreated plots”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion plots had sixfold fewer milk-stage ears with more than 20 damaged kernels than chlorpyrifos plots in 1997.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- malathion-treated plotse0
- Outcome
- milk stage ears with more than 20 kernels damaged per eare0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- sixfolde0
- Comparator
- chlorpyrifos-treated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1997, there were sixfold fewer milk stage ears with more than 20 kernels damaged per ear in the malathion-treated plots compared with chlorpyrifos-treated plots”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Caterpillar damage severity was lower with malathion than chlorpyrifos at harvest.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- malathione0
- Interactor
- caterpillare0pest
- Outcome
- severity of caterpillar damagee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- chlorpyrifos-treated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“severity of caterpillar damage was also less in malathion versus chlorpyrifos-treated plots at harvest”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Beetle control by both granule treatments was less effective than caterpillar control.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- beetlesColeopterae0pest
- Outcome
- Control of beetlese0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- caterpillarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of beetles (corn rootworm adults and sap beetles) for both treatments was less effective compared with caterpillars”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Both chlorpyrifos and malathion significantly controlled corn rootworm adults in 1996.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifos and malathione0
- Interactor
- corn rootworm adulte0pest
- Outcome
- corn rootworm adult controle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant corn rootworm adult control was noted for both chlorpyrifos and malathion in 1996”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion granules significantly controlled sap beetles in 1997.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- malathion granulese0
- Interactor
- sap beetlee0pest
- Outcome
- sap beetle controle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant sap beetle control was noted for the malathion granules in 1997”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos plots had significantly fewer live lady beetles than malathion or untreated plots in 1996.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifos-treated plotse0
- Interactor
- lady beetlesCoccinellidaee0other
- Outcome
- live lady beetlese0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- malathion-treated or untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly fewer live lady beetles, and more dead lady beetles were present in chlorpyrifos-treated plots compared with malathion-treated or untreated plots in 1996”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos plots had significantly more dead lady beetles than malathion or untreated plots in 1996.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifos-treated plotse0
- Interactor
- lady beetlesCoccinellidaee0other
- Outcome
- dead lady beetlese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- malathion-treated or untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly fewer live lady beetles, and more dead lady beetles were present in chlorpyrifos-treated plots compared with malathion-treated or untreated plots in 1996”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide treatments often indirectly reduced Fusarium mold incidence on corn ears.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- both malathion treatments and chlorpyrifos treatmentse0
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of Fusarium mold on earse0
- Direction
- reducede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incidence and severity of Fusarium mold on ears at harvest was often indirectly reduced by both malathion treatments and chlorpyrifos treatments”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide treatments often indirectly reduced Fusarium mold severity on corn ears.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- both malathion treatments and chlorpyrifos treatmentse0
- Outcome
- severity of Fusarium mold on earse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incidence and severity of Fusarium mold on ears at harvest was often indirectly reduced by both malathion treatments and chlorpyrifos treatments”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion outperformed chlorpyrifos for Fusarium mold in one case.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- malathion treatmente0
- Outcome
- Fusarium molde1
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- chlorpyrifos treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the malathion treatment significantly better than the chlorpyrifos treatment in one case”
e1“The incidence and severity of Fusarium mold on ears at harvest was often indirectly reduced by both malathion treatments and chlorpyrifos treatments”
t0“Corn”
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