Abstract
Studies revealed that seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS @ 3.5 g a.i./kg seed, chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 5 g a.i./kg seed, soil application of chlorpyriphos 10G + NICAST (@ 2 kg a.i./ha+500 kg/ha, respectively) and chlorpyriphos 10G @ 2 kg a.i./ha resulted in decreased plant mortality in maize against white grub over control (75.85, 71.38, 66.67 and 56.59%, respectively). These treatments also exhibited corresponding increase in yield over control (46.15, 45.27, 44.39 and 37.52%, respectively) and reduction in grub population. Neem cake and castor cake (each @ 500 kg/ha) treated plots recorded 24.10 and 13.50 per cent decrease in plant mortality over control. Grub population in these treatments varied from 0.50–0.83/0.25 m2 as compared to 1.00/0.25 m2 in control. Application of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae (@ 5 × 1013 conidia/ha, each) indicated 43.02 and 47.16 per cent decrease in plant mortality over control.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid seed treatment reduced white grub related maize mortality by 75.85% versus control.
- Treatment
- seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS @ 3.5 g a.i./kg seede0
- Interactor
- white grube0pest
- Outcome
- plant mortalitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 75.85e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS @ 3.5 g a.i./kg seed, chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 5 g a.i./kg seed, soil application of chlorpyriphos 10G + NICAST (@ 2 kg a.i./ha+500 kg/ha, respectively) and chlorpyriphos 10G @ 2 kg a.i./ha resulted in decreased plant mortality in maize against white grub over control (75.85, 71.38, 66.67 and 56.59%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyriphos seed treatment reduced white grub related maize mortality by 71.38% versus control.
- Treatment
- chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 5 g a.i./kg seede0
- Interactor
- white grube0pest
- Outcome
- plant mortalitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 71.38e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS @ 3.5 g a.i./kg seed, chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 5 g a.i./kg seed, soil application of chlorpyriphos 10G + NICAST (@ 2 kg a.i./ha+500 kg/ha, respectively) and chlorpyriphos 10G @ 2 kg a.i./ha resulted in decreased plant mortality in maize against white grub over control (75.85, 71.38, 66.67 and 56.59%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyriphos plus NICAST soil application reduced maize mortality by 66.67% versus control.
- Treatment
- soil application of chlorpyriphos 10G + NICAST (@ 2 kg a.i./ha+500 kg/ha, respectively)e0
- Interactor
- white grube0pest
- Outcome
- plant mortalitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 66.67e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil application of chlorpyriphos 10G + NICAST (@ 2 kg a.i./ha+500 kg/ha, respectively) and chlorpyriphos 10G @ 2 kg a.i./ha resulted in decreased plant mortality in maize against white grub over control (75.85, 71.38, 66.67 and 56.59%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyriphos soil application reduced maize mortality by 56.59% versus control.
- Treatment
- chlorpyriphos 10G @ 2 kg a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- white grube0pest
- Outcome
- plant mortalitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 56.59%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorpyriphos 10G @ 2 kg a.i./ha resulted in decreased plant mortality in maize against white grub over control (75.85, 71.38, 66.67 and 56.59%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid seed treatment increased maize yield by 46.15% versus control.
- Treatment
- These treatmentse0
- Interactor
- grube0pest
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 46.15e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize against white grub over control (75.85, 71.38, 66.67 and 56.59%, respectively). These treatments also exhibited corresponding increase in yield over control (46.15, 45.27, 44.39 and 37.52%, respectively) and reduction in grub population.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyriphos seed treatment increased maize yield by 45.27% versus control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize against white grub over control (75.85, 71.38, 66.67 and 56.59%, respectively). These treatments also exhibited corresponding increase in yield over control (46.15, 45.27, 44.39 and 37.52%, respectively) and reduction in grub population.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyriphos plus NICAST increased maize yield by 44.39% versus control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize against white grub over control (75.85, 71.38, 66.67 and 56.59%, respectively). These treatments also exhibited corresponding increase in yield over control (46.15, 45.27, 44.39 and 37.52%, respectively) and reduction in grub population.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyriphos soil treatment increased maize yield by 37.52% versus control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize against white grub over control (75.85, 71.38, 66.67 and 56.59%, respectively). These treatments also exhibited corresponding increase in yield over control (46.15, 45.27, 44.39 and 37.52%, respectively) and reduction in grub population.”
Claim · model-written summary
The four chemical treatments reduced grub population.
- Treatment
- These treatmentse0
- Interactor
- grube0pest
- Outcome
- grub populatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize against white grub over control (75.85, 71.38, 66.67 and 56.59%, respectively). These treatments also exhibited corresponding increase in yield over control (46.15, 45.27, 44.39 and 37.52%, respectively) and reduction in grub population.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake reduced maize mortality by 24.10% versus control.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Neem cake and castor cake (each @ 500 kg/ha) treated plots recorded 24.10 and 13.50 per cent decrease in plant mortality over control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake reduced maize mortality by 13.50% versus control.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Neem cake and castor cake (each @ 500 kg/ha) treated plots recorded 24.10 and 13.50 per cent decrease in plant mortality over control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem and castor cake plots had grub populations of 0.50–0.83 per 0.25 m2 versus 1.00 in controls.
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Grube0pest
- Outcome
- Grub populatione0
- Value
- 0.50–0.83/0.25 m2e0
- Qualifier
- 1.00/0.25 m2e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Grub population in these treatments varied from 0.50–0.83/0.25 m2 as compared to 1.00/0.25 m2 in control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Beauveria bassiana reduced maize mortality by 43.02% versus control.
- Treatment
- Application of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassianae0
- Interactor
- Beauveria bassiana
Beauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant mortalitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 43.02e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae (@ 5 × 1013 conidia/ha, each) indicated 43.02 and 47.16 per cent decrease in plant mortality over control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metarrhizium anisopliae reduced maize mortality by 47.16% versus control.
- Treatment
- Metarrhizium anisopliae (@ 5 × 1013 conidia/ha, each)e0
- Interactor
- Metarrhizium anisopliaee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant mortalitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 47.16e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Application of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae (@ 5 × 1013 conidia/ha, each) indicated 43.02 and 47.16 per cent decrease in plant mortality over control.”
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