Abstract
The possible impact of global rises in atmospheric CO 2 concentration and temperature on the growth and development of French beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) was examined using growth cabinets. Five CO 2 concentrations of 350, 450, 550, 650 and 750 vpm and five temperatures of 14·5, 15·5, 16·5, 17·5 and 18·5°C were tested using a fractional factorial design comprising nine treatment combinations of the two factors. Plants were grown under constant irradiance, common atmospheric humidities (vpd 0·5 kPa) and non-limiting supplies of water and mineral nutrients. The plant growth response was modelled by fitting polynomial response function curves to the times to first flower opening, first bean set, 50% maturity and the number and yield of beans. The effects of temperature were large and positive for most of the measured variables, whereas the effects of CO 2 were small and negative or non-existent. Increased temperature substantially reduced the time to flowering and the time from bean set to 50% maturity and increased the number and yield of mature beans whereas increased CO 2 concentration had little effect on plant growth except that bean yield was very slightly reduced. There was no significant evidence of interaction between the CO 2 concentration effects and the temperature effects. The time to maturity and yield of mature beans was simulated for the 2020s (2010 to 2039) and the 2050s (2040 to 2069) using the fitted polynomial models and four climate change scenarios suggested by the UK Climate Impacts Programme. These simulations showed that, depending upon the assumed scenario, the 2020s yields could rise by 39–84% and time to maturity reduce by between 6 and 15 days whereas the 2050s yields could rise by 51–118% and time to maturity reduce by between 9 and 25 days.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Increased temperature reduced time to flowering in French beans.
- Taxon
- French beans
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Increased temperaturee0
- Outcome
- time to floweringe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased temperature substantially reduced the time to flowering”
t0“French beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased temperature reduced time from bean set to 50% maturity.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Increased temperaturee0
- Outcome
- time from bean set to 50% maturitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased temperature substantially reduced the time to flowering and the time from bean set to 50% maturity”
t0“French beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased temperature increased the number of mature beans.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Increased temperaturee1
- Outcome
- number and yield of mature beanse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the number and yield of mature beans”
t0“French beans”
e1“Increased temperature substantially reduced the time to flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased CO2 concentration very slightly reduced bean yield.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increased CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- bean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- very slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased CO 2 concentration had little effect on plant growth except that bean yield was very slightly reduced”
t0“French beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased CO2 concentration had little effect on plant growth apart from yield.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increased CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased CO 2 concentration had little effect on plant growth except that bean yield was very slightly reduced”
t0“French beans”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no significant evidence of interaction between CO2 concentration and temperature effects.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- interaction between the CO 2 concentration effects and the temperature effectse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant evidence of interaction between the CO 2 concentration effects and the temperature effects”
t0“French beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 2020s scenarios, simulated French bean yield could rise by 39–84%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 2020s yields could rise by 39–84%”
t0“French beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 2020s scenarios, simulated time to maturity could fall by 6 to 15 days.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- time to maturitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 6 and 15 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 2020se1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“time to maturity reduce by between 6 and 15 days”
e1“the 2020s yields could rise by 39–84%”
t0“French beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 2050s scenarios, simulated French bean yield could rise by 51–118%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 2050s yields could rise by 51–118%”
t0“French beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 2050s scenarios, simulated time to maturity could fall by 9 to 25 days.
- Taxon
- French beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- time to maturitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 9 and 25 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 2050se1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“time to maturity reduce by between 9 and 25 days”
e1“the 2050s yields could rise by 51–118%”
t0“French beans”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.