Abstract
The effect of CO 2 and NaCl on the second trifoliate leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris L. was studied. Salt reduced leaf area and volume. Volume density of the palisade mesophyll was increased and that of the intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis was reduced. Salt increased the numbers of epidermal and palisade cells per unit area and the stomatal density of the abaxial epidermis but reduced the numbers of cells per leaf. Salt reduced stomatal indices of both epidermal surfaces, cell volumes, relative leaf expansion rate, leaf plastochron index, leaf fresh and dry weights, and specific leaf area. Elevated CO 2 increased leaf area and volume, reduced the density of epidermal and palisade cells and increased fresh and dry weights. Cell areas and volumes of epidermal and palisade cells, but not stomates, were increased. Elevated CO 2 partially overcame some salinity effects such as leaf area, volume, specific leaf area, and relative leaf expansion rate. Leaf fresh and dry weights, leaf volume, palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue volume, and the numbers of palisade and epidermal cells per leaf equalled controls. Under high CO 2 , epidermal and intercellular space volume, cell areas, stomatal index, and the volume density of intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis were reduced, and the volume density of the palisade mesophyll increased. Leaf thickness, palisade cell length and volume, volume density of spongy mesophyll, and succulence were greater than controls in salt and high-CO 2 leaves. High CO 2 had more effect on salt-stressed than unstressed plants in leaf weight, thickness, and cell volume.Key words: CO 2 enrichment, leaf growth, leaf anatomy, Phaseolus vulgaris, salinity.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Salt reduced leaf area and volume of the second trifoliate leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Salte1
- Outcome
- leaf area and volumee1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt reduced leaf area and volume”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt increased the volume density of the palisade mesophyll.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salte1
- Outcome
- Volume density of the palisade mesophylle2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt reduced leaf area and volume”
e2“Volume density of the palisade mesophyll was increased”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt reduced the volume density of the intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salte1
- Outcome
- intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermise2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt reduced leaf area and volume”
e2“that of the intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis was reduced”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt increased numbers of epidermal and palisade cells per unit area and the stomatal density of the abaxial epidermis.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salte1
- Outcome
- numbers of epidermal and palisade cells per unit area and the stomatal density of the abaxial epidermise1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt increased the numbers of epidermal and palisade cells per unit area and the stomatal density of the abaxial epidermis”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt reduced the number of cells per leaf.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salte1
- Outcome
- numbers of cells per leafe2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt reduced leaf area and volume”
e2“but reduced the numbers of cells per leaf”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt reduced stomatal indices of both epidermal surfaces, cell volumes and relative leaf expansion rate.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salte1
- Outcome
- stomatal indices of both epidermal surfaces, cell volumes, relative leaf expansion ratee1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt reduced stomatal indices of both epidermal surfaces, cell volumes, relative leaf expansion rate”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt reduced leaf plastochron index, leaf fresh and dry weights, and specific leaf area.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salte1
- Outcome
- leaf plastochron index, leaf fresh and dry weights, and specific leaf areae2
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt reduced stomatal indices of both epidermal surfaces, cell volumes, relative leaf expansion rate”
e2“leaf plastochron index, leaf fresh and dry weights, and specific leaf area”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased leaf area and volume.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- leaf area and volumee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 increased leaf area and volume”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced the density of epidermal and palisade cells.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- density of epidermal and palisade cellse2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 increased leaf area and volume”
e2“reduced the density of epidermal and palisade cells”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased leaf fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weightse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 increased leaf area and volume”
e2“increased fresh and dry weights”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased cell areas and volumes of epidermal and palisade cells, but not of stomates.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- Cell areas and volumes of epidermal and palisade cellse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- but not stomatese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 increased leaf area and volume”
e2“Cell areas and volumes of epidermal and palisade cells, but not stomates, were increased”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 partially overcame some salinity effects on leaf area, volume, specific leaf area and relative leaf expansion rate.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- leaf area, volume, specific leaf area, and relative leaf expansion ratee1
- Direction
- partially overcamee1
- Qualifier
- salinity effectse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 partially overcame some salinity effects such as leaf area, volume, specific leaf area, and relative leaf expansion rate”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt with elevated CO2, leaf fresh and dry weights and leaf volume equalled controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e2
- Outcome
- Leaf fresh and dry weights, leaf volumee1
- Direction
- equalled controlse1
- Comparator
- controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Leaf fresh and dry weights, leaf volume, palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue volume, and the numbers of palisade and epidermal cells per leaf equalled controls”
e2“Elevated CO 2 increased leaf area and volume”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt with elevated CO2, palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue volume and numbers of palisade and epidermal cells per leaf equalled controls.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e2
- Outcome
- palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue volume, and the numbers of palisade and epidermal cells per leafe1
- Direction
- equalled controlse1
- Comparator
- controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Leaf fresh and dry weights, leaf volume, palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue volume, and the numbers of palisade and epidermal cells per leaf equalled controls”
e2“Elevated CO 2 increased leaf area and volume”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high CO2, epidermal and intercellular space volume, cell areas, stomatal index and the volume density of intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis were reduced.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- high CO 2e1
- Outcome
- epidermal and intercellular space volume, cell areas, stomatal index, and the volume density of intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermise1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under high CO 2 , epidermal and intercellular space volume, cell areas, stomatal index, and the volume density of intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis were reduced”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high CO2, the volume density of the palisade mesophyll increased.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- high CO 2e1
- Outcome
- volume density of the palisade mesophylle2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Under high CO 2 , epidermal and intercellular space volume, cell areas, stomatal index, and the volume density of intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis were reduced”
e2“the volume density of the palisade mesophyll increased”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf thickness and palisade cell length and volume were greater than controls in salt and high-CO2 leaves.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salt and high-CO 2 leavese2
- Outcome
- Leaf thickness, palisade cell length and volumee1
- Direction
- greater than controlse1
- Comparator
- controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Leaf thickness, palisade cell length and volume, volume density of spongy mesophyll, and succulence were greater than controls”
e2“salt and high-CO 2 leaves”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Volume density of spongy mesophyll and succulence were greater than controls in salt and high-CO2 leaves.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salt and high-CO 2 leavese2
- Outcome
- volume density of spongy mesophyll, and succulencee1
- Direction
- greater than controlse1
- Comparator
- controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Leaf thickness, palisade cell length and volume, volume density of spongy mesophyll, and succulence were greater than controls”
e2“salt and high-CO 2 leaves”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 had more effect on salt-stressed than unstressed plants in leaf weight, thickness and cell volume.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- High CO 2e1
- Outcome
- leaf weight, thickness, and cell volumee1
- Direction
- more effecte1
- Comparator
- unstressed plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“High CO 2 had more effect on salt-stressed than unstressed plants in leaf weight, thickness, and cell volume”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
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- positive
- positive
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15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.