Abstract
Abstract Somatic embryo quality is an important aspect of artificial or synthetic seed production and is dependent on proper morphological development and deposition of sufficient storage reserves to support early growth of the seedling. The abilities of a somatic embryo to survive desiccation and to establish a rapidly growing seedling were used as estimates of quality and were dependent on a number of factors during the elongation and maturation phases of somatic embryo development. Embryo quality was significantly enhanced when the sucrose content of the elongation and maturation media was increased to 50 g I −1 from 30 g I −1 . This increased dry weight to >2 mg embryo −1 suggesting greater deposition of storage reserves. Higher sucrose concentrations were inhibitory and reduced survival after desiccation and seedling vigour. An optimum number of embryos can be supported on one Petri plate; the number was controlled by the plating density of the embryogenic cell clusters spread on the elongation medium. This optimum was dependent to some extent on the sucrose content of the medium, indicating that sucrose had a nutritive effect on embryo development and not solely an osmotic effect. Light intensity was another critical factor. Intensities > 75 μmol m −2 s −1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at the elongation stage of development blocked globular-stage somatic embryo development. Maturing somatic embryos were far less sensitive to high light intensities and development was more rapid at 150 μmol m −2 s −1 PPFD. Light quality was manipulated by covering plates with filters that selectively transmitted certain regions of the visible spectrum. All filter treatments reduced embryo yield and quality compared with embryos developing under fullspectrum light; varying the light spectrum does not seem to be a viable method of enhancing somatic embryo quality.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Raising sucrose from 30 to 50 g I −1 significantly improved embryo quality.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- sucrose content of the elongation and maturation media was increased to 50 g I −1e0
- Outcome
- Embryo qualitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- 30 g I −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Embryo quality was significantly enhanced when the sucrose content of the elongation and maturation media was increased to 50 g I −1 from 30 g I −1”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher sucrose increased embryo dry weight above 2 mg per embryo.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Thise0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- >2 mg embryo −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This increased dry weight to >2 mg embryo −1”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher sucrose concentrations reduced survival after desiccation.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Higher sucrose concentrationse0
- Outcome
- survival after desiccatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher sucrose concentrations were inhibitory and reduced survival after desiccation and seedling vigour”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher sucrose concentrations reduced seedling vigour.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Higher sucrose concentrationse0
- Outcome
- seedling vigoure0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher sucrose concentrations were inhibitory and reduced survival after desiccation and seedling vigour”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Plating density controlled the optimal number of embryos per plate.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- plating density of the embryogenic cell clusterse0
- Outcome
- optimum number of embryose0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An optimum number of embryos can be supported on one Petri plate; the number was controlled by the plating density of the embryogenic cell clusters spread on the elongation medium”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal embryo number depended somewhat on medium sucrose content.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- sucrose content of the mediume0
- Outcome
- optimume0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This optimum was dependent to some extent on the sucrose content of the medium”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Light above 75 μmol m −2 s −1 blocked globular embryo development.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Intensities > 75 μmol m −2 s −1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)e0
- Outcome
- globular-stage somatic embryo developmente0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intensities > 75 μmol m −2 s −1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at the elongation stage of development blocked globular-stage somatic embryo development”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Maturing embryos were less sensitive to high light.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- Maturing somatic embryose0
- Outcome
- sensitive to high light intensitiese0
- Direction
- far lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maturing somatic embryos were far less sensitive to high light intensities”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo development was faster at 150 μmol m −2 s −1 PPFD.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 150 μmol m −2 s −1 PPFDe0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Direction
- more rapide0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“development was more rapid at 150 μmol m −2 s −1 PPFD”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
All spectral filters reduced embryo yield relative to full-spectrum light.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- All filter treatmentse0
- Outcome
- embryo yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- fullspectrum lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All filter treatments reduced embryo yield and quality compared with embryos developing under fullspectrum light”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
All spectral filters reduced embryo quality relative to full-spectrum light.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- All filter treatmentse0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- fullspectrum lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All filter treatments reduced embryo yield and quality compared with embryos developing under fullspectrum light”
t0“Medicago sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors consider spectral variation unsuitable for improving somatic embryo quality.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- varying the light spectrum does not seem to be a viable method of enhancing somatic embryo qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“varying the light spectrum does not seem to be a viable method of enhancing somatic embryo quality”
t0“Medicago sativa”
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See all 28 papers →stage · quality: general · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.