Abstract
Presented and illustrated is an easy-to-implement and flexible methodology for the analysis of synergistic and antagonistic effects when the effects are defined as nonlinear functions of means. The methodology augments standard mixed-model analyses with the Delta method for standard errors of nonlinear functions of means. Explained is why standard ANOVA methods that have been adopted in the literature are not recommended. To illustrate the methodology, the joint-action effects of fenoxaprop with companion herbicides in two-component mixtures for weed control in rice were evaluated. The companion herbicides were halosulfuron, bispyribac-sodium, bensulfuron, penoxsulam, carfentrazone, quinclorac, and imazethapyr. Weeds evaluated were barnyardgrass and broadleaf signalgrass. Experiments in Louisiana and Mississippi in 2009 revealed a preponderance of antagonistic effects. The analysis showed that mixtures with bispyribac-sodium, penoxsulam, quinclorac, and imazethapyr were generally the most antagonistic and provided the least control.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide mixture experiments showed mostly antagonistic effects.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- antagonistic effectse0
- Setting
- Louisiana and Mississippie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Experiments in Louisiana and Mississippi in 2009 revealed a preponderance of antagonistic effects”
t0“Fenoxaprop Mixtures in Rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bispyribac-sodium mixtures were among the most antagonistic and gave the least weed control.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mixtures with bispyribac-sodiume0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixtures with bispyribac-sodium, penoxsulam, quinclorac, and imazethapyr were generally the most antagonistic and provided the least control”
t0“Fenoxaprop Mixtures in Rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam mixtures were among the most antagonistic and gave the least weed control.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- penoxsulame0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixtures with bispyribac-sodium, penoxsulam, quinclorac, and imazethapyr were generally the most antagonistic and provided the least control”
t0“Fenoxaprop Mixtures in Rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quinclorac mixtures were among the most antagonistic and gave the least weed control.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- quinclorace0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixtures with bispyribac-sodium, penoxsulam, quinclorac, and imazethapyr were generally the most antagonistic and provided the least control”
t0“Fenoxaprop Mixtures in Rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr mixtures were among the most antagonistic and gave the least weed control.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- imazethapyre0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixtures with bispyribac-sodium, penoxsulam, quinclorac, and imazethapyr were generally the most antagonistic and provided the least control”
t0“Fenoxaprop Mixtures in Rice (Oryza sativa)”
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.