Abstract
Elevated CO2 increases, while high temperature decreases, rice yield. We hypothesized that the interplay between these opposite effects varies across genotypes and these variations are associated with the ability of genotypes to avoid and tolerate stress. We evaluated a Japonica genotype (Changyou5) and an Indica genotype (Yangdao6) under combinations of two CO2 levels (ambient and enriched to 590 μmol mol-1) and two canopy temperatures (ambient and warmed by 2.0 °C) in a temperature by free-air CO2 enrichment (T-FACE) system over two seasons. The elevated CO2 fully offset the adverse effects of the elevated temperature on grain yield of Yangdao6 but failed to do so for Changyou5. In Yangdao6 yield increased by 20.0%, while in Changyou5 it decreased by 7.8% under the combined elevated CO2 and elevated temperature. This genotypic difference was partly due to higher leaf-nitrogen content of cv. Yangdao6, resulting in superior light conversion efficiency. However, it was explained more by a smaller decrease in spikelet fertility (and thus harvest index) in Yangdao6, mainly resulting from lower panicle temperature during flowering. The lower panicle temperature in Yangdao6 was due to earlier flowering hours as well as to higher panicle nitrogen content that presumably led to greater transpirational cooling. The above key genotypic traits could be explored in rice breeding programs to improve yield resilience to climate change.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and warming increased Yangdao6 yield by 20.0%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Yangdao6e0
- Treatment
- combined elevated CO2 and elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“In Yangdao6 yield increased by 20.0%, while in Changyou5 it decreased by 7.8% under the combined elevated CO2 and elevated temperature.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and warming decreased Changyou5 yield by 7.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Changyou5e0
- Treatment
- combined elevated CO2 and elevated temperaturee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 7.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“In Yangdao6 yield increased by 20.0%, while in Changyou5 it decreased by 7.8% under the combined elevated CO2 and elevated temperature.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 fully offset warming-related grain yield loss in Yangdao6.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Yangdao6e0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- fully offsete0
- Comparator
- elevated temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The elevated CO2 fully offset the adverse effects of the elevated temperature on grain yield of Yangdao6”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not fully offset warming-related grain yield loss in Changyou5.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Changyou5e0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- failed to do soe0
- Comparator
- elevated temperaturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“but failed to do so for Changyou5.”
e1“The elevated CO2 fully offset the adverse effects of the elevated temperature on grain yield of Yangdao6 but failed to do so for Changyou5.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yangdao6 had higher leaf nitrogen content and superior light conversion efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Yangdao6e0
- Outcome
- leaf-nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“higher leaf-nitrogen content of cv. Yangdao6, resulting in superior light conversion efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Yangdao6 had a smaller decline in spikelet fertility and harvest index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Yangdao6e0
- Outcome
- spikelet fertility (and thus harvest index)e0
- Direction
- smaller decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“a smaller decrease in spikelet fertility (and thus harvest index) in Yangdao6”
Claim · model-written summary
Yangdao6 had lower panicle temperature during flowering.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Outcome
- panicle temperaturee0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“lower panicle temperature during flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Earlier flowering and higher panicle nitrogen were implicated in Yangdao6 lower panicle temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Yangdao6e0
- Outcome
- lower panicle temperaturee0
- Qualifier
- earlier flowering hours as well as to higher panicle nitrogen contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The lower panicle temperature in Yangdao6 was due to earlier flowering hours as well as to higher panicle nitrogen content that presumably led to greater transpirational cooling.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose using these genotype traits in breeding for climate-resilient yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- key genotypic traits could be explored in rice breeding programs to improve yield resilience to climate changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The above key genotypic traits could be explored in rice breeding programs to improve yield resilience to climate change.”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 195 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.