Abstract
Endophytic fungi represent diverse taxa that inhabit plant hosts without causing disease symptoms. We used endophytic isolates of Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg to understand how endophytic fungi interact with pathogens, in this case, the corn smut pathogen, Ustilago maydis DC (Corda). Endophytic F. verticillioides strains were inoculated onto maize seedlings before, simultaneously, or after inoculation with U. maydis, and the effects on smut disease severity and on plant growth were assessed. When F. verticillioides is simultaneously coinoculated with U. maydis, smut disease severity is significantly decreased and plant growth is increased, compared with other treatments. Controls show that F. verticillioides by itself does not have measurable effects on plant growth. Together, our results suggest that a commonly occurring fungal endophyte on maize, F. verticillioides, ameliorates the effects of a host-specific pathogen, U. maydis, by interfering with the early infection process and limiting disease development, resulting in increased plant growth.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous F. verticillioides and U. maydis coinoculation significantly decreased maize smut severity compared with other treatments.
- Treatment
- F. verticillioides is simultaneously coinoculated with U. maydise0
- Interactor
- U. maydis
Mycosarcoma maydise0pathogen - Second interactor
- F. verticillioides
Fusarium verticillioidese0symbiont - Outcome
- smut disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When F. verticillioides is simultaneously coinoculated with U. maydis, smut disease severity is significantly decreased and plant growth is increased, compared with other treatments.”
e1“Endophytic F. verticillioides strains were inoculated onto maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous F. verticillioides and U. maydis coinoculation increased maize growth compared with other treatments.
- Treatment
- F. verticillioides is simultaneously coinoculated with U. maydise0
- Interactor
- U. maydisMycosarcoma maydise0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When F. verticillioides is simultaneously coinoculated with U. maydis, smut disease severity is significantly decreased and plant growth is increased, compared with other treatments.”
e1“Endophytic F. verticillioides strains were inoculated onto maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
F. verticillioides alone had no measurable effect on maize growth.
- Treatment
- F. verticillioides by itselfe0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- does not have measurable effectse0
- Comparator
- Controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Controls show that F. verticillioides by itself does not have measurable effects on plant growth.”
e1“Endophytic F. verticillioides strains were inoculated onto maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the endophyte limits smut development by interfering with early U. maydis infection.
- Interactor
- U. maydisMycosarcoma maydise0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0symbiont
- Outcome
- limiting disease developmente0
- Qualifier
- interfering with the early infection processe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a commonly occurring fungal endophyte on maize, F. verticillioides, ameliorates the effects of a host-specific pathogen, U. maydis, by interfering with the early infection process and limiting disease development”
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See all 699 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.