Abstract
Corn smut is one of the major diseases in corn production. The cob infection causes high economic and quality loss. This research investigated the effects of three different concentrations of corn smut infection (2500, 5000, and 10,000 sporidia/mL) on two Hungarian sweet corn hybrids (Desszert 73 and Noa). Plants were infected at the vegetative (V4–V5) and the generative (V7) stages. The effects of the corn smut infection were evaluated at 7 and 14 days after the pathogen infection (DAPI) at vegetative and at 21 DAPI at generative stages. The photosynthetic pigments (relative chlorophyll, chlorophyll-a and b, and carotenoids), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline concentration, activities of the antioxidant enzymes [ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], morphological characteristics (plant height, stem and cob diameter, cob length, cob and kernel weights), mineral contents (Al, B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, S, Sr, and Zn), and quality parameters (dry matter, fiber, fat, ash, nitrogen, and protein) were measured. At both sampling times (7 and 14 DAPI) in both hybrids, the corn smut infection reduced the photosynthetic pigments (relative chlorophyll, chlorophylls-a, and b, and carotenoids) irrespective of the spore concentration. Under the same conditions, the MDA and proline contents, as well as the activities of APX, POX, and SOD increased at both sampling times. The negative effects of the corn smut infection were also observed at the generative stage. Only the 10,000 sporidia/mL of corn smut caused symptoms (tumor growth) on the cobs of both hybrids at 21 DAPI. Similarly, this treatment impacted adversely the cob characteristics (reduced cob length, kernel weight, and 100 grains fresh and dry weight) for both hybrids. In addition, crude fat and protein content, Mg, and Mn concentration of grains also decreased in both hybrids while the concentration of Al and Ca increased. Based on these results, the sweet corn hybrids were more susceptible to corn smut at the vegetative stage than at the generative stage.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Smut infection reduced photosynthetic pigments in both hybrids at 7 and 14 DAPI.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- corn smut infectione0
- Interactor
- corn smut
Mycosarcoma maydise0pathogen - Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At both sampling times (7 and 14 DAPI) in both hybrids, the corn smut infection reduced the photosynthetic pigments (relative chlorophyll, chlorophylls-a, and b, and carotenoids) irrespective of the spore concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Smut infection increased MDA and proline at both sampling times.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- corn smut infectione1
- Outcome
- MDA and proline contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Under the same conditions, the MDA and proline contents, as well as the activities of APX, POX, and SOD increased at both sampling times.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
e1“At both sampling times (7 and 14 DAPI) in both hybrids, the corn smut infection reduced the photosynthetic pigments (relative chlorophyll, chlorophylls-a, and b, and carotenoids) irrespective of the spore concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Smut infection increased APX, POX and SOD activity at both times.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- corn smut infectione1
- Outcome
- activities of APX, POX, and SODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Under the same conditions, the MDA and proline contents, as well as the activities of APX, POX, and SOD increased at both sampling times.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
e1“At both sampling times (7 and 14 DAPI) in both hybrids, the corn smut infection reduced the photosynthetic pigments (relative chlorophyll, chlorophylls-a, and b, and carotenoids) irrespective of the spore concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Only the 10,000 sporidia/mL dose caused cob tumors in both hybrids at 21 DAPI.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- cobse0
- Treatment
- 10,000 sporidia/mL of corn smute0
- Interactor
- corn smutMycosarcoma maydise0pathogen
- Outcome
- tumor growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only the 10,000 sporidia/mL of corn smut caused symptoms (tumor growth) on the cobs of both hybrids at 21 DAPI.”
Claim · model-written summary
The high smut dose reduced cob length, kernel weight and 100-grain weights.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- cob length, kernel weight, and 100 grains fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“this treatment impacted adversely the cob characteristics (reduced cob length, kernel weight, and 100 grains fresh and dry weight) for both hybrids.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain crude fat and protein declined in both hybrids.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- corn smut infectione1
- Outcome
- crude fat and protein contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“crude fat and protein content, Mg, and Mn concentration of grains also decreased in both hybrids while the concentration of Al and Ca increased.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
e1“At both sampling times (7 and 14 DAPI) in both hybrids, the corn smut infection reduced the photosynthetic pigments (relative chlorophyll, chlorophylls-a, and b, and carotenoids) irrespective of the spore concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Mg and Mn concentrations declined in both hybrids.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- corn smut infectione1
- Outcome
- Mg, and Mn concentration of grainse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“crude fat and protein content, Mg, and Mn concentration of grains also decreased in both hybrids while the concentration of Al and Ca increased.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
e1“At both sampling times (7 and 14 DAPI) in both hybrids, the corn smut infection reduced the photosynthetic pigments (relative chlorophyll, chlorophylls-a, and b, and carotenoids) irrespective of the spore concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Al and Ca concentrations increased in both hybrids.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- corn smut infectione1
- Outcome
- concentration of Al and Cae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“crude fat and protein content, Mg, and Mn concentration of grains also decreased in both hybrids while the concentration of Al and Ca increased.”
t0“Sweet Corn”
e1“At both sampling times (7 and 14 DAPI) in both hybrids, the corn smut infection reduced the photosynthetic pigments (relative chlorophyll, chlorophylls-a, and b, and carotenoids) irrespective of the spore concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Both hybrids were judged more susceptible at the vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee0
- Interactor
- corn smutMycosarcoma maydise0pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptible to corn smute0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- generative stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sweet corn hybrids were more susceptible to corn smut at the vegetative stage than at the generative stage.”
The same questions in other papers
Mycosarcoma maydis · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Mycosarcoma maydis · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Mycosarcoma maydis · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
infection · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →infection · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →infection · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →infection · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →infection · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.