Abstract
BACKGROUND: The destructive plant disease potato late blight is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. This disease has remained particularly problematic despite intensive breeding efforts to integrate resistance into cultivated potato, largely because of the pathogen's ability to quickly evolve to overcome major resistance genes. The RB gene, identified in the wild potato species S. bulbocastanum, encodes a protein that confers broad-spectrum resistance to most P. infestans isolates through its recognition of highly conserved members of the corresponding pathogen effector family IPI-O. IpiO is a multigene family of effectors and while the majority of IPI-O proteins are recognized by RB to elicit host resistance, some variants exist that are able to elude detection (e.g. IPI-O4). METHODS AND FINDINGS: In the present study, analysis of ipiO variants among 40 different P. infestans isolates collected from Guatemala, Thailand, and the United States revealed a high degree of complexity within this gene family. Isolate aggressiveness was correlated with increased ipiO diversity and especially the presence of the ipiO4 variant. Furthermore, isolates expressing IPI-O4 overcame RB-mediated resistance in transgenic potato plants even when the resistance-eliciting IPI-O1 variant was present. In support of this finding, we observed that expression of IPI-O4 via Agrobacterium blocked recognition of IPI-O1, leading to inactivation of RB-mediated programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we definitively demonstrate and provide the first evidence that P. infestans can defeat an R protein through inhibition of recognition of the corresponding effector protein.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The ipiO effector family was highly complex across 40 P. infestans isolates.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaet0
- Interactor
- P. infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Gene
- ipiOe0
- Outcome
- a high degree of complexity within this gene familye0
- Setting
- Guatemala, Thailand, and the United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analysis of ipiO variants among 40 different P. infestans isolates collected from Guatemala, Thailand, and the United States revealed a high degree of complexity within this gene family”
t0“Plants Containing Broad-Spectrum Late Blight Resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate aggressiveness correlated with increased ipiO diversity.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaet0
- Gene
- ipiOe0
- Outcome
- Isolate aggressivenesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Verbatim
e0“Isolate aggressiveness was correlated with increased ipiO diversity and especially the presence of the ipiO4 variant”
t0“Plants Containing Broad-Spectrum Late Blight Resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate aggressiveness correlated especially with the presence of ipiO4.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaet0
- Gene
- ipiO4e0
- Outcome
- Isolate aggressivenesse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Isolate aggressiveness was correlated with increased ipiO diversity and especially the presence of the ipiO4 variant”
t0“Plants Containing Broad-Spectrum Late Blight Resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolates expressing IPI-O4 overcame RB-mediated resistance in transgenic potato even with IPI-O1 present.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Material
- transgenic potato plantse0
- Interactor
- isolatese0pathogen
- Gene
- IPI-O4e0
- Outcome
- RB-mediated resistancee0
- Direction
- overcamee0
- Qualifier
- even when the resistance-eliciting IPI-O1 variant was presente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolates expressing IPI-O4 overcame RB-mediated resistance in transgenic potato plants even when the resistance-eliciting IPI-O1 variant was present”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of IPI-O4 blocked recognition of IPI-O1 in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- expression of IPI-O4 via Agrobacteriume0
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium
.jpg?width=60)
Agrobacteriume0other - Gene
- IPI-O4e0
- Outcome
- recognition of IPI-O1e0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“expression of IPI-O4 via Agrobacterium blocked recognition of IPI-O1, leading to inactivation of RB-mediated programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of IPI-O4 inactivated RB-mediated programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- expression of IPI-O4 via Agrobacteriume0
- Interactor
- AgrobacteriumAgrobacteriume0other
- Gene
- IPI-O4e0
- Outcome
- RB-mediated programmed cell deathe0
- Direction
- inactivatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of IPI-O4 via Agrobacterium blocked recognition of IPI-O1, leading to inactivation of RB-mediated programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that P. infestans defeats an R protein by inhibiting recognition of its effector.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaet0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- defeat an R proteine0
- Qualifier
- inhibition of recognition of the corresponding effector proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. infestans can defeat an R protein through inhibition of recognition of the corresponding effector protein”
t0“Plants Containing Broad-Spectrum Late Blight Resistance”
The same questions in other papers
Agrobacterium · cytology · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
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- positive
- no effect
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- positive
- positive
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See all 42 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.