Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes secrete effectors into host plant tissues to facilitate parasitism. In this study we identified a G16B09-like effector protein family from the transcriptome of Heterodera avenae, and then verified that most of the members could suppress programmed cell death triggered by BAX in Nicotiana benthamiana. Ha18764, the most homologous to G16B09, was further characterized for its function. Our experimental evidence suggested that Ha18764 was specifically expressed in the dorsal gland and was dramatically upregulated in the J4 stage of nematode development. A Magnaporthe grisea secretion system in barley showed that the signal peptide of Ha18764 had secretion activity to deliver mCherry into plant cells. Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing Ha18764 or Hs18764 was more susceptible to Heterodera schachtii. In contrast, BSMV-based host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) targeting Ha18764 attenuated H. avenae parasitism and its reproduction in wheat plants. Transient expression of Ha18764 suppressed PsojNIP, Avr3a/R3a, RBP-1/Gpa2 and MAPK kinases (MKK1 and NPK1Nt)-related cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Co-expression assays indicated that Ha18764 also suppressed cell death triggered by four H. avenae putative cell-death-inducing effectors. Moreover, Ha18764 was also shown strong PTI suppression such as reducing the expression of plant defense-related genes, the burst of reactive oxygen species, and the deposition of cell wall callose. Together, our results indicate that Ha18764 promotes parasitism, probably by suppressing plant PTI and ETI signaling in the parasitic stages of H. avenae.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Most G16B09-like members suppressed BAX-triggered programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- most of the memberse0
- Gene
- BAXe0
- Outcome
- programmed cell deathe0
- Direction
- suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most of the members could suppress programmed cell death triggered by BAX in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ha18764 expression was specific to the dorsal gland.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- Ha18764e0
- Outcome
- specifically expressed in the dorsal glande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ha18764 was specifically expressed in the dorsal gland”
t0“Plant Defenses”
e1“most of the members could suppress programmed cell death triggered by BAX in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ha18764 expression rose markedly at nematode J4 stage.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Organ / stage
- J4 stagee0
- Outcome
- Ha18764e2
- Direction
- dramatically upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was dramatically upregulated in the J4 stage of nematode development”
t0“Plant Defenses”
e1“most of the members could suppress programmed cell death triggered by BAX in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e2“Ha18764 was specifically expressed in the dorsal gland”
Claim · model-written summary
The Ha18764 signal peptide secreted mCherry into barley cells.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Interactor
- Magnaporthe grisea
Pyricularia griseae0other - Gene
- Ha18764e0
- Outcome
- secretion activitye0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A Magnaporthe grisea secretion system in barley showed that the signal peptide of Ha18764 had secretion activity to deliver mCherry into plant cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Ha18764 overexpression increased Arabidopsis susceptibility to Heterodera schachtii.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- overexpressing Ha18764e0
- Interactor
- Heterodera schachtiiHeterodera schachtiie0parasite
- Gene
- Ha18764e0
- Outcome
- susceptible to Heterodera schachtiie0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing Ha18764 or Hs18764 was more susceptible to Heterodera schachtii”
Claim · model-written summary
Hs18764 overexpression increased Arabidopsis susceptibility to Heterodera schachtii.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- overexpressing Ha18764 or Hs18764e0
- Interactor
- Heterodera schachtiiHeterodera schachtiie0parasite
- Gene
- Hs18764e0
- Outcome
- susceptible to Heterodera schachtiie0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing Ha18764 or Hs18764 was more susceptible to Heterodera schachtii”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing Ha18764 attenuated H. avenae parasitism in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- BSMV-based host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) targeting Ha18764e0
- Interactor
- H. avenae
.jpg?width=60)
Heterodera avenaee0parasite - Gene
- Ha18764e0
- Outcome
- H. avenae parasitisme0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“BSMV-based host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) targeting Ha18764 attenuated H. avenae parasitism and its reproduction in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing Ha18764 attenuated H. avenae reproduction in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- BSMV-based host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) targeting Ha18764e0
- Interactor
- H. avenaeHeterodera avenaee0parasite
- Gene
- Ha18764e0
- Outcome
- H. avenae parasitism and its reproductione0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BSMV-based host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) targeting Ha18764 attenuated H. avenae parasitism and its reproduction in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient Ha18764 expression suppressed several elicitor-related cell death responses in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of Ha18764e0
- Gene
- Ha18764e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of Ha18764 suppressed PsojNIP, Avr3a/R3a, RBP-1/Gpa2 and MAPK kinases (MKK1 and NPK1Nt)-related cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ha18764 suppressed cell death triggered by four H. avenae effectors.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Ha18764e0
- Interactor
- H. avenaeHeterodera avenaee0parasite
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ha18764 also suppressed cell death triggered by four H. avenae putative cell-death-inducing effectors”
t0“Plant Defenses”
e1“most of the members could suppress programmed cell death triggered by BAX in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ha18764 reduced expression of plant defense-related genes.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Ha18764e0
- Outcome
- expression of plant defense-related genese0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ha18764 was also shown strong PTI suppression such as reducing the expression of plant defense-related genes, the burst of reactive oxygen species, and the deposition of cell wall callose”
t0“Plant Defenses”
e1“most of the members could suppress programmed cell death triggered by BAX in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ha18764 reduced the reactive oxygen species burst.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Ha18764e0
- Outcome
- burst of reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ha18764 was also shown strong PTI suppression such as reducing the expression of plant defense-related genes, the burst of reactive oxygen species, and the deposition of cell wall callose”
t0“Plant Defenses”
e1“most of the members could suppress programmed cell death triggered by BAX in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ha18764 reduced cell wall callose deposition.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Ha18764e0
- Outcome
- deposition of cell wall callosee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ha18764 was also shown strong PTI suppression such as reducing the expression of plant defense-related genes, the burst of reactive oxygen species, and the deposition of cell wall callose”
t0“Plant Defenses”
e1“most of the members could suppress programmed cell death triggered by BAX in Nicotiana benthamiana”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · cytology · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →loss of function · Heterodera avenae · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.