Abstract
Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) have been shown to induce a safe and potent immune response through both humoral and cellular responses. They represent promising novel influenza vaccines. Plant-based biotechnology allows for the large-scale production of VLPs of biopharmaceutical interest using different model organisms, including Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Through this platform, influenza VLPs bud from the plasma membrane and accumulate between the membrane and the plant cell wall. To design and optimize efficient production processes, a better understanding of the plant cell wall composition of infiltrated tobacco leaves is a major interest for the plant biotechnology industry. In this study, we have investigated the alteration of the biochemical composition of the cell walls of N. benthamiana leaves subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses induced by the Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation and the resulting high expression levels of influenza VLPs. Results show that abiotic stress due to vacuum infiltration without Agrobacterium did not induce any detectable modification of the leaf cell wall when compared to non infiltrated leaves. In contrast, various chemical changes of the leaf cell wall were observed post-Agrobacterium infiltration. Indeed, Agrobacterium infection induced deposition of callose and lignin, modified the pectin methylesterification and increased both arabinosylation of RG-I side chains and the expression of arabinogalactan proteins. Moreover, these modifications were slightly greater in plants expressing haemagglutinin-based VLP than in plants infiltrated with the Agrobacterium strain containing only the p19 suppressor of silencing.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuum infiltration without Agrobacterium did not detectably modify the leaf cell wall compared with non infiltrated leaves.
- Taxon
- N. benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- vacuum infiltration without Agrobacteriume1
- Outcome
- leaf cell walle1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- non infiltrated leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell walls of N. benthamiana leaves subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses”
e1“abiotic stress due to vacuum infiltration without Agrobacterium did not induce any detectable modification of the leaf cell wall when compared to non infiltrated leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrobacterium infection induced deposition of callose and lignin in N. benthamiana leaves.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Agrobacterium infectione2
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium
.jpg?width=60)
Agrobacteriume2pathogen - Outcome
- deposition of callose and lignine2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“cell walls of N. benthamiana leaves subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses”
e2“Agrobacterium infection induced deposition of callose and lignin”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrobacterium infection modified the pectin methylesterification of N. benthamiana leaf cell walls.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Agrobacterium infectione3
- Interactor
- AgrobacteriumAgrobacteriume3pathogen
- Outcome
- pectin methylesterificatione3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell walls of N. benthamiana leaves subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses”
e3“Agrobacterium infection induced deposition of callose and lignin, modified the pectin methylesterification”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrobacterium infection increased arabinosylation of RG-I side chains in N. benthamiana leaves.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Agrobacterium infectione2
- Interactor
- AgrobacteriumAgrobacteriume2pathogen
- Outcome
- arabinosylation of RG-I side chainse4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell walls of N. benthamiana leaves subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses”
e2“Agrobacterium infection induced deposition of callose and lignin”
e4“increased both arabinosylation of RG-I side chains and the expression of arabinogalactan proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrobacterium infection increased expression of arabinogalactan proteins in N. benthamiana leaves.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Agrobacterium infectione2
- Interactor
- AgrobacteriumAgrobacteriume2pathogen
- Gene
- arabinogalactan proteinse4
- Outcome
- expression of arabinogalactan proteinse4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell walls of N. benthamiana leaves subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses”
e2“Agrobacterium infection induced deposition of callose and lignin”
e4“increased both arabinosylation of RG-I side chains and the expression of arabinogalactan proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell wall modifications were slightly greater in plants expressing haemagglutinin-based VLP than in plants infiltrated with Agrobacterium carrying only the p19 suppressor.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- expressing haemagglutinin-based VLPe5
- Interactor
- AgrobacteriumAgrobacteriume5pathogen
- Outcome
- modificationse5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Qualifier
- slightlye5
- Comparator
- plants infiltrated with the Agrobacterium strain containing only the p19 suppressor of silencinge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell walls of N. benthamiana leaves subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses”
e5“these modifications were slightly greater in plants expressing haemagglutinin-based VLP than in plants infiltrated with the Agrobacterium strain containing only the p19 suppressor of silencing”
The same questions in other papers
Agrobacterium · cytology · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.