Abstract
A field trial that simulated apple orchard conditions was conducted during 1994-1999 to determine the effects of metam sodium, acetic acid, neem oil, and strain EBW-4 of Bacillus subtilis Ehrenberg, Cohn on growth, fruit production, and crown and root rot ratings of cv. Jonagold apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) on M.26 rootstock planted in Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert & Cohn) J. Schroet. infested soil. The drenching of soil with metam sodium and acetic acid at low and high rates, and the application of B. subtilis strain EBW-4 increased tree growth by 48-163% and fruit yield by 52-114%, and reduced the crown and root rot ratings by 36-54% compared to the untreated control. Neem oil was generally ineffective compared to the untreated controls for all of the parameters measured, except for fruit yield, which was higher in the higher-rate neem treatment in 1997 and 1999. The applications of acetic acid and B. subtilis (EBW-4) as preplanting drench applications could provide an alternative to soil fumigation with metam sodium in apple orchards affected by phytophthora crown and root rot disease or apple replant disease.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Metam sodium and acetic acid drenches and Bacillus subtilis EBW-4 increased apple growth 48-163% versus untreated controls.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- metam sodium and acetic acid at low and high rates, and the application of B. subtilis strain EBW-4e1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora cactorum
Phytophthora cactorume3pathogen - Outcome
- tree growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 48-163%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased tree growth by 48-163%”
e1“metam sodium and acetic acid at low and high rates, and the application of B. subtilis strain EBW-4”
e2“reduced the crown and root rot ratings by 36-54% compared to the untreated control”
e3“Phytophthora cactorum”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Metam sodium and acetic acid drenches and Bacillus subtilis EBW-4 increased apple fruit yield 52-114% versus untreated controls.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- metam sodium and acetic acid at low and high rates, and the application of B. subtilis strain EBW-4e1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora cactorumPhytophthora cactorume3pathogen
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 52-114%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit yield by 52-114%”
e1“metam sodium and acetic acid at low and high rates, and the application of B. subtilis strain EBW-4”
e2“reduced the crown and root rot ratings by 36-54% compared to the untreated control”
e3“Phytophthora cactorum”
t0“apple trees”
e4“increased tree growth by 48-163%”
Claim · model-written summary
Metam sodium and acetic acid drenches and Bacillus subtilis EBW-4 reduced apple crown and root rot ratings 36-54% versus untreated controls.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- metam sodium and acetic acid at low and high rates, and the application of B. subtilis strain EBW-4e1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora cactorumPhytophthora cactorume3pathogen
- Outcome
- crown and root rot ratingse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 36-54%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the crown and root rot ratings by 36-54%”
e1“metam sodium and acetic acid at low and high rates, and the application of B. subtilis strain EBW-4”
e2“reduced the crown and root rot ratings by 36-54% compared to the untreated control”
e3“Phytophthora cactorum”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil was generally ineffective for measured apple outcomes except fruit yield.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Neem oile0
- Outcome
- all of the parameters measurede0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem oil was generally ineffective compared to the untreated controls for all of the parameters measured, except for fruit yield”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher-rate neem oil increased apple fruit yield in 1997 and 1999.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- higher-rate neem treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 1997 and 1999e0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit yield, which was higher in the higher-rate neem treatment in 1997 and 1999”
e1“untreated controls”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose acetic acid or Bacillus subtilis as alternatives to metam sodium fumigation in affected apple orchards.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- acetic acid and B. subtilis (EBW-4)e0
- Interactor
- phytophthora
Phytophthorae0pathogen - Outcome
- alternative to soil fumigation with metam sodiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The applications of acetic acid and B. subtilis (EBW-4) as preplanting drench applications could provide an alternative to soil fumigation with metam sodium in apple orchards affected by phytophthora crown and root rot disease or apple replant disease”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · Phytophthora cactorum · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
botanical · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.