Abstract
Abstract The effects of temperature and pH on the production of antifungal compounds and growth in sterilized soil of Enterobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis , antagonists of Phytophthora cactorum , the cause of crown rot of apple trees, were studied. With E. aerogenes maximum amounts of antifungal compounds were produced between 14 and 21°C and at pH levels between 3.5 and 5.0. Bacillus subtilis produced maximum amounts of antifungal compounds between 21 and 28°C andwith pH levels between 5.0 and 8.0. P. cactorum inoculum, produced in the presence of E. aerogenes or B. subtilis at optimum temperature and pH levels, was significantly less virulent compared with controls. The optimum temperature of maximum population growth in sterilized soil for E. aerogenes was 18°C and for B. subtilis 25°C. The population growth of B. subtilis was much slower than that of E. aerogenes. Fosetyl Al stimulated the multiplication of bacteria at lower temperatures while metalaxyl had the same effect at higher temperatures. These results indicate that populations of these antagonistic bacteria increase in sterile soil up to the 33rd day from inoculation and that the fungicides fosetyl, Al and metalaxyl did not limit their multiplication and production of antifungal compounds.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Enterobacter aerogenes produced maximum antifungal compounds at 14–21°C and pH 3.5–5.0.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae1 - Interactor
- E. aerogenes
Klebsiella aerogenese0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- maximum amounts of antifungal compoundse0
- Value
- between 14 and 21°Ce0
- Qualifier
- pH levels between 3.5 and 5.0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With E. aerogenes maximum amounts of antifungal compounds were produced between 14 and 21°C and at pH levels between 3.5 and 5.0”
e1“crown rot of apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis produced maximum antifungal compounds at 21–28°C and pH 5.0–8.0.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- maximum amounts of antifungal compoundse0
- Value
- between 21 and 28°Ce0
- Qualifier
- pH levels between 5.0 and 8.0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus subtilis produced maximum amounts of antifungal compounds between 21 and 28°C andwith pH levels between 5.0 and 8.0”
e1“crown rot of apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
P. cactorum inoculum produced with either antagonist was significantly less virulent than controls.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- presence of E. aerogenes or B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- P. cactorum
Phytophthora cactorume0pathogen - Second interactor
- E. aerogenes or B. subtilisKlebsiella aerogenesBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- P. cactorum inoculume0
- Direction
- less virulente0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. cactorum inoculum, produced in the presence of E. aerogenes or B. subtilis at optimum temperature and pH levels, was significantly less virulent compared with controls”
e1“crown rot of apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum soil population growth occurred at 18°C for E. aerogenes.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Interactor
- E. aerogenesKlebsiella aerogenese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- maximum population growth in sterilized soil for E. aerogenese0
- Value
- 18°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimum temperature of maximum population growth in sterilized soil for E. aerogenes was 18°C”
e1“crown rot of apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum soil population growth occurred at 25°C for B. subtilis.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae2
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- maximum population growth in sterilized soile1
- Value
- 25°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for B. subtilis 25°C”
e1“optimum temperature of maximum population growth in sterilized soil”
e2“crown rot of apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis population growth was slower than E. aerogenes.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population growth of B. subtilise0
- Direction
- much slowere0
- Comparator
- E. aerogenese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population growth of B. subtilis was much slower than that of E. aerogenes”
e1“crown rot of apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fosetyl Al stimulated antagonist multiplication at lower temperatures.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Fosetyl Ale0
- Interactor
- Enterobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilisKlebsiella aerogenesBacillus subtilise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- multiplication of bacteriae0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- lower temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fosetyl Al stimulated the multiplication of bacteria at lower temperatures”
e1“crown rot of apple trees”
e2“Enterobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis , antagonists”
Claim · model-written summary
Metalaxyl stimulated antagonist multiplication at higher temperatures.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- metalaxyle0
- Outcome
- multiplication of bacteriae1
- Qualifier
- higher temperaturese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“metalaxyl had the same effect at higher temperatures”
e1“Fosetyl Al stimulated the multiplication of bacteria at lower temperatures”
e2“crown rot of apple trees”
The same questions in other papers
Klebsiella aerogenes · Phytophthora cactorum · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Bacillus subtilis · Phytophthora cactorum · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.