Abstract
Chilling whole cucumber seedlings that had 10‐mm long radicles for 4 days at 2.5°C significantly inhibited subsequent radicle growth both by increasing the time it took the seedlings to recover from chilling and attain a linear rate of radicle growth, and by decreasing the subsequent rate of linear growth. Exposing cucumber seedlings to 45°C for up to 20 min had no effect on subsequent radicle growth, while longer exposures produced reductions in growth. A heat shock at 45°C for 10 min induced the optimal protection to 4 days of chilling at 2.5°C by reducing chilling inhibition from 60 to 42%. Two hours after being chilled, heat shocked or heat shocked and then chilled, there was no difference in protein content of the apical 1 cm of the seedling radicle among these treatments and the non‐heat shocked, non‐chilled control. Two days after treatment, the protein content was still similar in tissue that had been heat shocked or heat shocked and chilled, while it was significantly reduced in tissue that had been chilled. In general, 2 h after treatment, the activity of the 5 antioxidant enzymes examined in this study [superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; EC 1.11.1.7) and glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2)] were reduced by chilling and unaffected or increased by heat shock. When heat shock was followed by chilling, there was a consistent effect of the heat shock treatment on preventing the loss of enzyme activity following chilling. This protective effect of the heat shock treatment was even more pronounced after 2 days of recovery at 25°C for SOD, CAT and APX. In contrast, the activity of GR and GPX was substantially higher in chilled tissue than in tissue that had been heat shocked before being chilled. Elevated levels of GR and GPX therefore appear to be correlated with the development of chilling injury, while elevated levels of SOD, CAT and APX appear to be correlated with the development of heat shock‐induced chilling tolerance.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling inhibited subsequent radicle growth by prolonging recovery and reducing linear growth rate.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- Chilling whole cucumber seedlings that had 10‐mm long radicles for 4 days at 2.5°Ce0
- Outcome
- subsequent radicle growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chilling whole cucumber seedlings that had 10‐mm long radicles for 4 days at 2.5°C significantly inhibited subsequent radicle growth both by increasing the time it took the seedlings to recover from chilling and attain a linear rate of radicle growth, and by decreasing the subsequent rate of linear growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat exposure up to 20 min did not affect subsequent radicle growth.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Exposing cucumber seedlings to 45°C for up to 20 mine0
- Outcome
- subsequent radicle growthe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing cucumber seedlings to 45°C for up to 20 min had no effect on subsequent radicle growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer heat exposure reduced radicle growth.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- longer exposurese0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“while longer exposures produced reductions in growth”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10 min heat shock reduced chilling inhibition from 60 to 42%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- A heat shock at 45°C for 10 mine0
- Outcome
- chilling inhibitione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 60 to 42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“A heat shock at 45°C for 10 min induced the optimal protection to 4 days of chilling at 2.5°C by reducing chilling inhibition from 60 to 42%”
Claim · model-written summary
Radicle protein content did not differ across treatments after two hours.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- apical 1 cm of the seedling radiclee0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- no differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“Two hours after being chilled, heat shocked or heat shocked and then chilled, there was no difference in protein content of the apical 1 cm of the seedling radicle among these treatments and the non‐heat shocked, non‐chilled control”
Claim · model-written summary
After two days, protein content remained similar in heat shocked and heat shocked then chilled tissue.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“Two days after treatment, the protein content was still similar in tissue that had been heat shocked or heat shocked and chilled”
Claim · model-written summary
After two days, chilled tissue had significantly reduced protein content.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- chillede0
- Outcome
- protein contente1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“while it was significantly reduced in tissue that had been chilled”
e1“Two days after treatment, the protein content was still similar in tissue that had been heat shocked or heat shocked and chilled”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling reduced the activity of the five antioxidant enzymes two hours after treatment.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- chillinge0
- Outcome
- activity of the 5 antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“the activity of the 5 antioxidant enzymes examined in this study [superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; EC 1.11.1.7) and glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2)] were reduced by chilling”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat shock left antioxidant enzyme activity unchanged or increased it after two hours.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- heat shocke0
- Outcome
- activity of the 5 antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- unaffected or increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“the activity of the 5 antioxidant enzymes examined in this study [superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; EC 1.11.1.7) and glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2)] were reduced by chilling and unaffected or increased by heat shock”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior heat shock prevented loss of enzyme activity after chilling.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- heat shock treatmente0
- Outcome
- loss of enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- preventinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“When heat shock was followed by chilling, there was a consistent effect of the heat shock treatment on preventing the loss of enzyme activity following chilling”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat shock protection of SOD, CAT and APX was more pronounced after two days at 25°C.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Gene
- SOD, CAT and APXe0
- Outcome
- protective effecte0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“This protective effect of the heat shock treatment was even more pronounced after 2 days of recovery at 25°C for SOD, CAT and APX”
Claim · model-written summary
GR and GPX activity was higher in chilled tissue than tissue heat shocked before chilling.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- activity of GR and GPXe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- tissue that had been heat shocked before being chillede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“the activity of GR and GPX was substantially higher in chilled tissue than in tissue that had been heat shocked before being chilled”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated GR and GPX correlated with chilling injury.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Gene
- GR and GPXe0
- Outcome
- development of chilling injurye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“Elevated levels of GR and GPX therefore appear to be correlated with the development of chilling injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated SOD, CAT and APX correlated with heat shock induced chilling tolerance.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Gene
- SOD, CAT and APXe0
- Outcome
- development of heat shock‐induced chilling tolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber”
e0“elevated levels of SOD, CAT and APX appear to be correlated with the development of heat shock‐induced chilling tolerance”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.