Abstract
Four indica rice varieties belonging to two maturity groups were cultivated in medium irrigated land during the wet season of 1989. In all varieties, the primary branches of the panicle developed basipetally. Poor development of spikelets on the basal branches resulted in a high percentage (50–60%) of degeneration and sterility and, consequently, grain yield was poor. Application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (6-furfuryl amino purine) improved development and grain yield on all branches. The treatments were more effective on the proximal branches and reduced the existing gradient in growth, development and yield between the distal and proximal branches. In contrast to this, 3-indole acetic acid (IAA) treatment increased spikelet growth and development in the distal branches, but suppressed them in the proximal branches thus increasing the heterogeneity in primary branch growth and development. The soluble carbohydrate and amino acid content per unit dry weight of the primary branches increased at the time of anthesis following the application of growth regulators. The assimilate level declined rapidly at the post-anthesis stage. Associated with the depressed growth and development in the lower branches of the panicle by IAA treatment, was a significantly higher level of assimilates in these branches in the post-anthesis period. The physiological mechanism of spikelet growth regulation is discussed.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Primary panicle branches developed basipetally in all varieties.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- primary branches of the panicle developed basipetallye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all varieties, the primary branches of the panicle developed basipetally.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal spikelet degeneration and sterility reached 50–60% with poor development.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- basal branchese0
- Outcome
- degeneration and sterilitye0
- Value
- 50–60%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poor development of spikelets on the basal branches resulted in a high percentage (50–60%) of degeneration and sterility and, consequently, grain yield was poor.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
Poor basal spikelet development was associated with poor grain yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- basal branchese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- poore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poor development of spikelets on the basal branches resulted in a high percentage (50–60%) of degeneration and sterility and, consequently, grain yield was poor.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
gibberellic acid (GA3) improved development on all branches.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- all branchese0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid (GA3)e0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (6-furfuryl amino purine) improved development and grain yield on all branches.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
gibberellic acid (GA3) improved grain yield on all branches.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- all branchese0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid (GA3)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (6-furfuryl amino purine) improved development and grain yield on all branches.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
kinetin (6-furfuryl amino purine) improved development on all branches.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- all branchese0
- Treatment
- kinetin (6-furfuryl amino purine)e0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (6-furfuryl amino purine) improved development and grain yield on all branches.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
kinetin (6-furfuryl amino purine) improved grain yield on all branches.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- all branchese0
- Treatment
- kinetin (6-furfuryl amino purine)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (6-furfuryl amino purine) improved development and grain yield on all branches.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulator treatments were more effective on proximal branches.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- proximal branchese0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments were more effective on the proximal branches and reduced the existing gradient in growth, development and yield between the distal and proximal branches.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators reduced the distal to proximal gradient in growth, development and yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- gradient in growth, development and yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments were more effective on the proximal branches and reduced the existing gradient in growth, development and yield between the distal and proximal branches.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased spikelet growth in the distal branches.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- distal branchese0
- Treatment
- 3-indole acetic acid (IAA) treatmente0
- Outcome
- spikelet growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3-indole acetic acid (IAA) treatment increased spikelet growth and development in the distal branches, but suppressed them in the proximal branches thus increasing the heterogeneity in primary branch growth and development.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA suppressed spikelet growth in the proximal branches.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- proximal branchese0
- Treatment
- 3-indole acetic acid (IAA) treatmente0
- Outcome
- spikelet growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3-indole acetic acid (IAA) treatment increased spikelet growth and development in the distal branches, but suppressed them in the proximal branches thus increasing the heterogeneity in primary branch growth and development.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased development in the distal branches.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- distal branchese0
- Treatment
- 3-indole acetic acid (IAA) treatmente0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3-indole acetic acid (IAA) treatment increased spikelet growth and development in the distal branches, but suppressed them in the proximal branches thus increasing the heterogeneity in primary branch growth and development.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA suppressed development in the proximal branches.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- proximal branchese0
- Treatment
- 3-indole acetic acid (IAA) treatmente0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3-indole acetic acid (IAA) treatment increased spikelet growth and development in the distal branches, but suppressed them in the proximal branches thus increasing the heterogeneity in primary branch growth and development.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased heterogeneity in primary branch growth and development.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 3-indole acetic acid (IAA) treatmente0
- Outcome
- heterogeneity in primary branch growth and developmente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3-indole acetic acid (IAA) treatment increased spikelet growth and development in the distal branches, but suppressed them in the proximal branches thus increasing the heterogeneity in primary branch growth and development.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators increased soluble carbohydrate content at anthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- primary branchese0
- Treatment
- growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soluble carbohydrate and amino acid content per unit dry weight of the primary branches increased at the time of anthesis following the application of growth regulators.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators increased amino acid content at anthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- primary branchese0
- Treatment
- growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- amino acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soluble carbohydrate and amino acid content per unit dry weight of the primary branches increased at the time of anthesis following the application of growth regulators.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
Assimilate levels declined rapidly after anthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- assimilate levele0
- Direction
- declined rapidlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The assimilate level declined rapidly at the post-anthesis stage.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA-treated lower branches had significantly higher post-anthesis assimilates associated with depressed growth and development.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- lower branches of the paniclee0
- Treatment
- IAA treatmente0
- Outcome
- level of assimilatese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Associated with the depressed growth and development in the lower branches of the panicle by IAA treatment, was a significantly higher level of assimilates in these branches in the post-anthesis period.”
t0“Regulation of Spikelet Development in Rice by Hormones”
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.