Abstract
In this present research, two yeast antagonists Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (strain A7) and Pichia guilliermomdii (strain A6) isolated from the surface of healthy apples, controlled blue mould of apple caused by Penicillium expansum. This yeast applied instead of fungicide, whatever hazard health and environment. Both antagonists were evaluated as a potential biological control agent for apple blue mould caused by P. expansum. Dual culture, cell free metabolite and volatile test were used in vitro assay. Colony area was recorded compared with controls and percentage of growth inhibition was calculated. Both yeast strains of two genus inhibited growth of P. expansum, the inhibition varied among isolates of two genuses and ranged from 34.51 to 57.62, in dual culture, from 71.86 to 82.6 in volatile metabolite and from 86.03 to 88.77in cell free metabolite test. Both antagonists reduced the incidence of blue mould by 70% at 20 °C. At 5 °C P. guilliermomdii (strain A6) maintained the efficacy of disease control, but R. mucilaginosa (strain A7) only reduced disease incidence by 60%. Moreover P. guilliermomdii (strain A6) exhibited significant protection at lower concentrations than R. mucilaginosa (strain A7). The population of both strains increased in wounds of apples at 20 and 5 °C, and both strains maintained viable over a period of 32 days at 5 °C. Separately, effect of CaCl2 was mixed yeast was evaluated in 25°C. The different of concentration CaCl2 reduced decay area from 185.07 to 1738.037 mm 2 compared to 2452.84mm 2 in
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Two yeast strains inhibited P. expansum growth in dual culture, with inhibition ranging from 34.51 to 57.62.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Both yeast strainse0
- Interactor
- P. expansum
Penicillium expansume0pathogen - Outcome
- growth of P. expansume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 34.51 to 57.62e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both yeast strains of two genus inhibited growth of P. expansum, the inhibition varied among isolates of two genuses and ranged from 34.51 to 57.62, in dual culture”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast volatile metabolites inhibited P. expansum growth from 71.86 to 82.6.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- volatile metabolitee0
- Interactor
- P. expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of P. expansume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 71.86 to 82.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both yeast strains of two genus inhibited growth of P. expansum, the inhibition varied among isolates of two genuses and ranged from 34.51 to 57.62, in dual culture, from 71.86 to 82.6 in volatile metabolite”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast cell free metabolites inhibited P. expansum growth from 86.03 to 88.77.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- cell free metabolite teste0
- Interactor
- P. expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of P. expansume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 86.03 to 88.77e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both yeast strains of two genus inhibited growth of P. expansum, the inhibition varied among isolates of two genuses and ranged from 34.51 to 57.62, in dual culture, from 71.86 to 82.6 in volatile metabolite and from 86.03 to 88.77in cell free metabolite test.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Both yeast antagonists reduced apple blue mould incidence by 70% at 20 °C.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Both antagonistse0
- Outcome
- incidence of blue moulde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 70%e0
- Qualifier
- 20 °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both antagonists reduced the incidence of blue mould by 70% at 20 °C.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
P. guilliermomdii A6 maintained disease control efficacy at 5 °C.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- P. guilliermomdii (strain A6)e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- efficacy of disease controle0
- Qualifier
- 5 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 5 °C P. guilliermomdii (strain A6) maintained the efficacy of disease control”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
R. mucilaginosa A7 reduced disease incidence by 60% at 5 °C.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- R. mucilaginosa (strain A7)e0
- Interactor
- R. mucilaginosa (strain A7)
Rhodotorula mucilaginosae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Qualifier
- 5 °Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. mucilaginosa (strain A7) only reduced disease incidence by 60%.”
e1“At 5 °C P. guilliermomdii (strain A6) maintained the efficacy of disease control, but R. mucilaginosa (strain A7) only reduced disease incidence by 60%.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
P. guilliermomdii A6 protected apples at lower concentrations than R. mucilaginosa A7.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- P. guilliermomdii (strain A6)e0
- Interactor
- P. guilliermomdii (strain A6)e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- lower concentrationse0
- Comparator
- R. mucilaginosa (strain A7)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. guilliermomdii (strain A6) exhibited significant protection at lower concentrations than R. mucilaginosa (strain A7).”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Both yeast strains increased their populations in apple wounds at 20 and 5 °C.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- woundse0
- Outcome
- population of both strainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 20 and 5 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of both strains increased in wounds of apples at 20 and 5 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Both yeast strains remained viable for 32 days at 5 °C.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- maintained viablee0
- Value
- 32 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 5 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both strains maintained viable over a period of 32 days at 5 °C.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Different CaCl2 concentrations mixed with yeast reduced apple decay area relative to the control value.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- decay areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 185.07 to 1738.037 mm 2e0
- Qualifier
- 2452.84mm 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The different of concentration CaCl2 reduced decay area from 185.07 to 1738.037 mm 2 compared to 2452.84mm 2 in”
e1“Separately, effect of CaCl2 was mixed yeast was evaluated in 25°C.”
t0“Apple”
The same questions in other papers
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
metabolite · Penicillium expansum · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
calcium chloride dihydrate · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
31 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →biocontrol · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
15 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.