Abstract
The effect of heavy metals on plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.3.14) activity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) roots was studied. The aim of this work was to explain the mechanism of modification of the PM H(+)-ATPase activity in plants subjected to heavy metals. Plants were treated with 10 μM Cd or Cu for 6 d. After 3 d exposure to the heavy metals, some of the plants were transferred to control conditions for a further 3 d (3/3 plants). The activity of PM H(+)-ATPase was found to be increased in plants treated with heavy metals. The highest activity measured as proton transport was observed in 3/3 plants. Estimation of transcript levels of C. sativus PM H(+)-ATPase in roots indicated that the action of Cd, but not Cu, affected the gene expression level. Transcript levels of C. sativus PM H(+)-ATPase (CsHA2, CsHA3, CsHA4, CsHA8, and CsHA9) genes increased in roots treated with Cd. Moreover, Western blot analysis with antibody against phosphothreonine and 14-3-3 protein indicated that increased activity of PM H(+)-ATPase under heavy-metal stress resulted from phosphorylation of the enzyme. It was found that Cu markedly increased the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and reduced the level of H(2)O(2) in cucumber roots. In contrast, Cd did not affect these parameters. These results indicate that Cd and Cu can, in different ways, lead to modification of PM H(+)-ATPase activity. Additionally, it was observed that treatment of plants with heavy metals led to an increased level of heat-shock proteins in the tissues. This suggests that the plants had started adaptive processes to survive adverse conditions, and increased PM H(+)-ATPase activity could further enhance the repair processes in heavy-metal-stressed plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metals increased PM H+-ATPase activity.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse1 - Treatment
- heavy metalse0
- Outcome
- activity of PM H(+)-ATPasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of PM H(+)-ATPase was found to be increased in plants treated with heavy metals”
t0“Cucumis sativus”
e1“Cu markedly increased the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and reduced the level of H(2)O(2) in cucumber roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Proton transport activity was highest after three days of exposure followed by recovery.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Material
- 3/3 plantse0
- Outcome
- activity measured as proton transporte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest activity measured as proton transport was observed in 3/3 plants”
t0“Cucumis sativus”
e1“Cu markedly increased the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and reduced the level of H(2)O(2) in cucumber roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased PM H+-ATPase gene transcripts.
- Taxon
- C. sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Gene
- CsHA2, CsHA3, CsHA4, CsHA8, and CsHA9e0
- Outcome
- Transcript levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcript levels of C. sativus PM H(+)-ATPase (CsHA2, CsHA3, CsHA4, CsHA8, and CsHA9) genes increased in roots treated with Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper did not affect PM H+-ATPase gene expression.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- gene expression levele0
- Direction
- not Cue0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the action of Cd, but not Cu, affected the gene expression level”
t0“Cucumis sativus”
e1“Cu markedly increased the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and reduced the level of H(2)O(2) in cucumber roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme phosphorylation was implicated in increased pump activity under heavy metals.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Outcome
- increased activity of PM H(+)-ATPasee0
- Qualifier
- phosphorylation of the enzymee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased activity of PM H(+)-ATPase under heavy-metal stress resulted from phosphorylation of the enzyme”
t0“Cucumis sativus”
e1“Cu markedly increased the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and reduced the level of H(2)O(2) in cucumber roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper increased catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu markedly increased the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase”
t0“Cucumis sativus”
e1“Cu markedly increased the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and reduced the level of H(2)O(2) in cucumber roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper reduced root hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- level of H(2)O(2)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu markedly increased the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and reduced the level of H(2)O(2) in cucumber roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium did not affect antioxidant activities or hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, Cd did not affect these parameters”
t0“Cucumis sativus”
e1“Cu markedly increased the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and reduced the level of H(2)O(2) in cucumber roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metals increased heat-shock proteins.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- heavy metalse0
- Outcome
- level of heat-shock proteinse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment of plants with heavy metals led to an increased level of heat-shock proteins in the tissues”
t0“Cucumis sativus”
e1“Cu markedly increased the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and reduced the level of H(2)O(2) in cucumber roots”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · molecular: expression · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
copper atom · molecular: metabolites · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →copper atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
copper atom · molecular: expression · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.