Abstract
Excess copper may disturb plant photosynthesis and induce leaf senescence. The underlying toxicity mechanism is not well understood. Here, 3-week-old cucumber plants were foliar exposed to different copper concentrations (10, 100, and 500 mg/L) for a final dose of 0.21, 2.1, and 10 mg/plant, using CuSO4 as the Cu ion source for 7 days, three times per day. Metabolomics quantified 149 primary and 79 secondary metabolites. A number of intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were significantly down-regulated 1.4–2.4 fold, indicating a perturbed carbohydrate metabolism. Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and shikimate-phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (antioxidant and defense related pathways) were perturbed by excess copper. These metabolic responses occur even at the lowest copper dose considered although no phenotype changes were observed at this dose. High copper dose resulted in a 2-fold increase in phytol, a degradation product of chlorophyll. Polyphenol metabolomics revealed that some flavonoids were down-regulated, while the nonflavonoid 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid were significantly up-regulated 4- and 26-fold compared to the control. This study enhances current understanding of copper toxicity to plants and demonstrates that metabolomics profiling provides a more comprehensive view of plant responses to stressors, which can be applied to other plant species and contaminants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Copper exposure down-regulated TCA-cycle intermediates 1.4–2.4 fold.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- coppere1
- Outcome
- intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cyclee0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Value
- 1.4–2.4 folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A number of intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were significantly down-regulated 1.4–2.4 fold, indicating a perturbed carbohydrate metabolism.”
e1“Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and shikimate-phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (antioxidant and defense related pathways) were perturbed by excess copper.”
t0“Cucumber Leaf (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper perturbed ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and shikimate-phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- excess coppere0
- Outcome
- Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and shikimate-phenylpropanoid biosynthesise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and shikimate-phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (antioxidant and defense related pathways) were perturbed by excess copper.”
t0“Cucumber Leaf (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic responses occurred even at the lowest copper dose.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- metabolic responsese0
- Qualifier
- lowest copper dosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These metabolic responses occur even at the lowest copper dose considered although no phenotype changes were observed at this dose.”
t0“Cucumber Leaf (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
No phenotype changes were observed at the lowest copper dose.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- no phenotype changese0
- Qualifier
- lowest copper dosee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These metabolic responses occur even at the lowest copper dose considered although no phenotype changes were observed at this dose.”
t0“Cucumber Leaf (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The high copper dose doubled phytol.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- High copper dosee0
- Outcome
- phytole0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High copper dose resulted in a 2-fold increase in phytol, a degradation product of chlorophyll.”
t0“Cucumber Leaf (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Some flavonoids were down-regulated.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Polyphenol metabolomics revealed that some flavonoids were down-regulated, while the nonflavonoid 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid were significantly up-regulated 4- and 26-fold compared to the control.”
t0“Cucumber Leaf (Cucumis sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
4-hydroxycinnamic acid rose fourfold against control.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Coppert0
- Outcome
- 4-hydroxycinnamic acide0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 4-e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nonflavonoid 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid were significantly up-regulated 4- and 26-fold compared to the control.”
t0“Copper Induced Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid rose 26-fold against control.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Coppert0
- Outcome
- trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acide0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 26-folde0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nonflavonoid 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and trans-2-hydroxycinnamic acid were significantly up-regulated 4- and 26-fold compared to the control.”
t0“Copper Induced Cucumber”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · molecular: metabolites · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.