Abstract
, plays a predominant role in the virulence and symptom development of Fusarium wilt disease. As mineral nutrients can be protective agents against Fusarium wilt, hydroponic experiments employing zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) followed by FA treatment were conducted in a glasshouse. FA exhibited strong phytotoxicity on cucumber plants, which was reversed by the addition of Zn or Cu. Thus, Zn or Cu dramatically reduced the wilt index, alleviated the leaf or root cell membrane injury and mitigated against the FA inhibition of plant growth and photosynthesis. Cucumber plants grown with Zn exhibited decreased FA transportation to shoots and a 17% increase in toxicity mitigation and showed minimal hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation level with the increased of antioxidant enzymes activity in both roots and leaves. Cucumber grown with additional Cu absorbed less FA but showed more toxicity mitigation at 20% compared to with additional Zn and exhibited decreased hydrogen peroxide level and increased antioxidant enzymes activity. Thus, adding Zn or Cu can decrease the toxicity of the FA by affecting the absorption or transportation of the FA in plants and mitigate toxicity possibly through chelation. Zn and Cu modify the antioxidant system to scavenge hydrogen peroxide for suppressing FA induction of oxidative damage. Our experiments could provide a theoretical basis for the direct application of micro-fertilizer as protective agents in farming.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Fusaric acid exhibited strong phytotoxicity on cucumber plants.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Compound
- FAe0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Qualifier
- stronge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FA exhibited strong phytotoxicity on cucumber plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The addition of Zn or Cu reversed the phytotoxicity of fusaric acid on cucumber plants.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- addition of Zn or Cue0
- Compound
- FAe0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FA exhibited strong phytotoxicity on cucumber plants, which was reversed by the addition of Zn or Cu”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn or Cu dramatically reduced the wilt index of cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Zn or Cue1
- Outcome
- wilt indexe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Tolerance to Fusaric Acid”
e1“Zn or Cu dramatically reduced the wilt index”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn or Cu alleviated the leaf or root cell membrane injury of cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Zn or Cue2
- Outcome
- leaf or root cell membrane injurye2
- Direction
- alleviatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Tolerance to Fusaric Acid”
e2“Zn or Cu dramatically reduced the wilt index, alleviated the leaf or root cell membrane injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn or Cu mitigated the fusaric acid inhibition of cucumber plant growth and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Zn or Cue3
- Compound
- FAe3
- Outcome
- FA inhibition of plant growth and photosynthesise3
- Direction
- mitigated againste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Tolerance to Fusaric Acid”
e3“Zn or Cu dramatically reduced the wilt index, alleviated the leaf or root cell membrane injury and mitigated against the FA inhibition of plant growth and photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn-grown cucumber plants showed decreased fusaric acid transport to shoots.
- Taxon
- Cucumber plantsCucumis sativuse4
- Treatment
- Zne4
- Compound
- FAe4
- Outcome
- FA transportation to shootse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Tolerance to Fusaric Acid”
e4“Cucumber plants grown with Zn exhibited decreased FA transportation to shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn increased toxicity mitigation by 17% in cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumber plantsCucumis sativuse4
- Treatment
- Zne4
- Outcome
- toxicity mitigatione4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 17%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Tolerance to Fusaric Acid”
e4“Cucumber plants grown with Zn exhibited decreased FA transportation to shoots and a 17% increase in toxicity mitigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn-grown cucumber showed minimal hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation level.
- Taxon
- Cucumber plantsCucumis sativuse4
- Treatment
- Zne4
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation levele5
- Direction
- minimale5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Cucumber plants grown with Zn”
e5“showed minimal hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation level”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn increased antioxidant enzyme activity in roots and leaves of cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumber plantsCucumis sativuse4
- Treatment
- Zne4
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitye5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Cucumber plants grown with Zn”
e5“with the increased of antioxidant enzymes activity in both roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber grown with additional Cu absorbed less fusaric acid.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- additional Cue6
- Compound
- FAe6
- Outcome
- absorbed less FAe6
- Direction
- lesse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Cucumber grown with additional Cu absorbed less FA”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional Cu gave 20% more toxicity mitigation of fusaric acid in cucumber than additional Zn.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- additional Cue6
- Outcome
- toxicity mitigatione6
- Direction
- moree6
- Value
- 20%e6
- Comparator
- additional Zne6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Cucumber grown with additional Cu absorbed less FA but showed more toxicity mitigation at 20% compared to with additional Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional Cu decreased the hydrogen peroxide level in cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- additional Cue6
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide levele7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Cucumber grown with additional Cu”
e7“exhibited decreased hydrogen peroxide level”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional Cu increased antioxidant enzyme activity in cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativuse6
- Treatment
- additional Cue6
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitye7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Cucumber grown with additional Cu”
e7“increased antioxidant enzymes activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn or Cu may mitigate fusaric acid toxicity through chelation.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Compound
- FAe7
- Outcome
- toxicitye7
- Qualifier
- possibly through chelatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Tolerance to Fusaric Acid”
e7“adding Zn or Cu can decrease the toxicity of the FA by affecting the absorption or transportation of the FA in plants and mitigate toxicity possibly through chelation”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn and Cu modify the antioxidant system to scavenge hydrogen peroxide and suppress fusaric acid oxidative damage in cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Zn and Cue7
- Outcome
- scavenge hydrogen peroxidee7
- Qualifier
- for suppressing FA induction of oxidative damagee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Tolerance to Fusaric Acid”
e7“Zn and Cu modify the antioxidant system to scavenge hydrogen peroxide for suppressing FA induction of oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend direct application of micro-fertilizer as protective agents in farming against fusaric acid.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- direct application of micro-fertilizer as protective agentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Tolerance to Fusaric Acid”
e7“Our experiments could provide a theoretical basis for the direct application of micro-fertilizer as protective agents in farming”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
zinc atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
copper atom · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
copper atom · physiology: oxidative · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
zinc atom · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
copper atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.