Abstract
Plant roots exhibit remarkable developmental plasticity in response to local soil conditions. It is shown here that mild salt stress stimulates a stress-induced morphogenic response (SIMR) in Arabidopsis thaliana roots characteristic of several other abiotic stresses: the proliferation of lateral roots (LRs) with a concomitant reduction in LR and primary root length. The LR proliferation component of the salt SIMR is dramatically enhanced by the transfer of seedlings from a low to a high NO3- medium, thereby compensating for the decreased LR length and maintaining overall LR surface area. Increased LR proliferation is specific to salt stress (osmotic stress alone has no stimulatory effect) and is due to the progression of more LR primordia from the pre-emergence to the emergence stage, in salt-stressed plants. In salt-stressed seedlings, greater numbers of LR primordia exhibit expression of a reporter gene driven by the auxin-sensitive DR5 promoter than in unstressed seedlings. Moreover, in the auxin transporter mutant aux1-7, the LR proliferation component of the salt SIMR is completely abrogated. The results suggest that salt stress promotes auxin accumulation in developing primordia thereby preventing their developmental arrest at the pre-emergence stage. Examination of ABA and ethylene mutants revealed that ABA synthesis and a factor involved in the ethylene signalling network also regulate the LR proliferation component of the salt SIMR.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mild salt stress stimulated lateral-root proliferation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- mild salt stresse0
- Outcome
- proliferation of lateral rootse0
- Direction
- stimulatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mild salt stress stimulates a stress-induced morphogenic response (SIMR) in Arabidopsis thaliana roots characteristic of several other abiotic stresses: the proliferation of lateral roots (LRs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mild salt stress reduced lateral and primary root length.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- mild salt stresse0
- Outcome
- LR and primary root lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mild salt stress stimulates a stress-induced morphogenic response (SIMR) in Arabidopsis thaliana roots characteristic of several other abiotic stresses: the proliferation of lateral roots (LRs) with a concomitant reduction in LR and primary root length.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transfer from low to high nitrate greatly enhanced salt-induced lateral-root proliferation.
- Treatment
- transfer of seedlings from a low to a high NO3- mediume0
- Outcome
- LR proliferation component of the salt SIMRe0
- Direction
- dramatically enhancede0
- Comparator
- lowe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The LR proliferation component of the salt SIMR is dramatically enhanced by the transfer of seedlings from a low to a high NO3- medium”
Claim · model-written summary
The enhanced lateral-root proliferation maintained overall lateral-root surface area despite shorter lateral roots.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“thereby compensating for the decreased LR length and maintaining overall LR surface area.”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress alone did not stimulate lateral-root proliferation.
- Treatment
- osmotic stress alonee0
- Outcome
- LR proliferatione0
- Direction
- no stimulatory effecte0
- Comparator
- salt stresse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Increased LR proliferation is specific to salt stress (osmotic stress alone has no stimulatory effect)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress advanced more lateral-root primordia from pre-emergence to emergence.
- Treatment
- salt-stressed plantse0
- Outcome
- progression of more LR primordia from the pre-emergence to the emergence stagee0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the progression of more LR primordia from the pre-emergence to the emergence stage, in salt-stressed plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
More salt-stressed lateral-root primordia expressed the auxin-sensitive DR5 reporter than unstressed primordia.
- Treatment
- salt-stressed seedlingse0
- Gene
- DR5e0
- Outcome
- expression of a reporter gene driven by the auxin-sensitive DR5 promotere0
- Direction
- greater numberse0
- Comparator
- unstressed seedlingse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In salt-stressed seedlings, greater numbers of LR primordia exhibit expression of a reporter gene driven by the auxin-sensitive DR5 promoter than in unstressed seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
The aux1-7 mutation completely abolished salt-induced lateral-root proliferation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“in the auxin transporter mutant aux1-7, the LR proliferation component of the salt SIMR is completely abrogated.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that salt promotes auxin accumulation in primordia and prevents developmental arrest.
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Compound
- auxine0
- Outcome
- developmental arrest at the pre-emergence stagee0
- Direction
- preventinge0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“salt stress promotes auxin accumulation in developing primordia thereby preventing their developmental arrest at the pre-emergence stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA synthesis and an ethylene signalling factor also regulate salt-induced lateral-root proliferation.
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- LR proliferation component of the salt SIMRe0
- Qualifier
- ethylene signalling networke0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“ABA synthesis and a factor involved in the ethylene signalling network also regulate the LR proliferation component of the salt SIMR.”
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