Abstract
Plants use different signalling pathways to respond to external stimuli. Intracellular signalling via calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) or mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) present two major pathways that are widely used to react to a changing environment. Both CDPK and MAPK pathways are known to be involved in the signalling of abiotic and biotic stresses in animal, yeast and plant cells. Here, we show the essential function of the CDPK CPK3 (At4g23650) for salt stress acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana, and test crosstalk between CPK3 and the major salt-stress activated MAPKs MPK4 and MPK6 in the salt stress response. CPK3 kinase activity was induced by salt and other stresses after transient overexpression in Arabidopsis protoplasts, but endogenous CPK3 appeared to be constitutively active in roots and leaves in a strictly Ca(2+) -dependent manner. cpk3 mutants show a salt-sensitive phenotype comparable with mutants in MAPK pathways. In contrast to animal cells, where crosstalk between Ca(2+) and MAPK signalling is well established, CPK3 seems to act independently of those pathways. Salt-induced transcriptional induction of known salt stress-regulated and MAPK-dependent marker genes was not altered, whereas post-translational protein phosphorylation patterns from roots of wild type and cpk3 plants revealed clear differences. A significant portion of CPK3 was found to be associated with the plasma membrane and the vacuole, both depending on its N-terminal myristoylation. An initial proteomic study led to the identification of 28 potential CPK3 targets, predominantly membrane-associated proteins.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
cpk3 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana show a salt-sensitive phenotype comparable with MAPK pathway mutants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Material
- cpk3 mutantse1
- Gene
- CPK3e0
- Outcome
- salt-sensitive phenotypee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential function of the CDPK CPK3 (At4g23650) for salt stress acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“cpk3 mutants show a salt-sensitive phenotype comparable with mutants in MAPK pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
CPK3 kinase activity in Arabidopsis protoplasts was induced by salt and other stresses after transient overexpression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- salt and other stressese2
- Gene
- CPK3e2
- Outcome
- CPK3 kinase activitye2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential function of the CDPK CPK3 (At4g23650) for salt stress acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“CPK3 kinase activity was induced by salt and other stresses after transient overexpression in Arabidopsis protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous CPK3 in Arabidopsis thaliana is constitutively active in roots and leaves in a Ca2+-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- CPK3e3
- Outcome
- endogenous CPK3e3
- Qualifier
- constitutively active in roots and leaves in a strictly Ca(2+) -dependent mannere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential function of the CDPK CPK3 (At4g23650) for salt stress acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e3“endogenous CPK3 appeared to be constitutively active in roots and leaves in a strictly Ca(2+) -dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-induced transcription of known salt stress and MAPK-dependent marker genes in Arabidopsis thaliana was not altered in cpk3.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- Salte4
- Outcome
- transcriptional induction of known salt stress-regulated and MAPK-dependent marker genese4
- Direction
- not alterede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential function of the CDPK CPK3 (At4g23650) for salt stress acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e4“Salt-induced transcriptional induction of known salt stress-regulated and MAPK-dependent marker genes was not altered”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-translational protein phosphorylation patterns differ clearly between roots of wild type and cpk3 Arabidopsis plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- cpk3 plantse5
- Outcome
- post-translational protein phosphorylation patternse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential function of the CDPK CPK3 (At4g23650) for salt stress acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e5“post-translational protein phosphorylation patterns from roots of wild type and cpk3 plants revealed clear differences”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant portion of CPK3 is associated with the plasma membrane and the vacuole, depending on its N-terminal myristoylation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- CPK3e6
- Outcome
- associated with the plasma membrane and the vacuolee6
- Qualifier
- depending on its N-terminal myristoylatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential function of the CDPK CPK3 (At4g23650) for salt stress acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e6“A significant portion of CPK3 was found to be associated with the plasma membrane and the vacuole, both depending on its N-terminal myristoylation”
Claim · model-written summary
A proteomic study identified 28 potential CPK3 targets, predominantly membrane-associated proteins.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- CPK3e7
- Outcome
- potential CPK3 targetse7
- Value
- 28e7
- Qualifier
- predominantly membrane-associated proteinse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential function of the CDPK CPK3 (At4g23650) for salt stress acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e7“An initial proteomic study led to the identification of 28 potential CPK3 targets, predominantly membrane-associated proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
CPK3 seems to act independently of MAPK pathways in the salt stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- CPK3e1
- Outcome
- act independently of those pathwayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential function of the CDPK CPK3 (At4g23650) for salt stress acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“CPK3 seems to act independently of those pathways”
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