Abstract
In this study, we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops to identify their efficiency against tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta, the physiological selectivity and the activity reduction of insecticides by three rain regimes to predatory wasps Protonectarina sylveirae and Polybia scutellaris. We assessed the mortality caused by the recommended doses of abamectin, beta-cyfluthrin, cartap, chlorfenapyr, etofenprox, methamidophos, permethrin, phenthoate and spinosad to T. absoluta and wasps at the moment of application. In addition, we evaluated the wasp mortality due to the insecticides for 30 days on plants that did not receive rain and on plants that received 4 or 125 mm of rain. Spinosad, cartap, chlorfenapyr, phenthoate, abamectin and methamidophos caused mortality higher than 90% to T. absoluta, whereas the pyrethroids beta-cyfluthrin, etofenprox and permethrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25%. At the moment of application, all the insecticides were highly toxic to the wasps, causing mortality higher than 80%. In the absence of rain, all the insecticides continued to cause high mortality to the wasps for 30 days after the application. The toxicity of spinosad and methamidophos on both wasp species; beta-cyfluthrin on P. sylveirae and chlorfenapyr and abamectin on P. scutellaris, decreased when the plants received 4 mm of rain. In contrast, the other insecticides only showed reduced toxicity on the wasps when the plants received 125 mm of rain.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad caused mortality higher than 90% in Tuta absoluta on tomato crops.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Spinosade1
- Interactor
- T. absoluta
.jpg?width=60)
Tuta absolutae1pest - Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e1“Spinosad, cartap, chlorfenapyr, phenthoate, abamectin and methamidophos caused mortality higher than 90% to T. absoluta, whereas the pyrethroids beta-cyfluthrin, etofenprox and permethrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
Cartap caused mortality higher than 90% in Tuta absoluta on tomato crops.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- cartape1
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e1“Spinosad, cartap, chlorfenapyr, phenthoate, abamectin and methamidophos caused mortality higher than 90% to T. absoluta, whereas the pyrethroids beta-cyfluthrin, etofenprox and permethrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorfenapyr caused mortality higher than 90% in Tuta absoluta on tomato crops.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- chlorfenapyre1
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e1“Spinosad, cartap, chlorfenapyr, phenthoate, abamectin and methamidophos caused mortality higher than 90% to T. absoluta, whereas the pyrethroids beta-cyfluthrin, etofenprox and permethrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenthoate caused mortality higher than 90% in Tuta absoluta on tomato crops.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- phenthoatee1
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e1“Spinosad, cartap, chlorfenapyr, phenthoate, abamectin and methamidophos caused mortality higher than 90% to T. absoluta, whereas the pyrethroids beta-cyfluthrin, etofenprox and permethrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin caused mortality higher than 90% in Tuta absoluta on tomato crops.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- abamectine1
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e1“Spinosad, cartap, chlorfenapyr, phenthoate, abamectin and methamidophos caused mortality higher than 90% to T. absoluta, whereas the pyrethroids beta-cyfluthrin, etofenprox and permethrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
Methamidophos caused mortality higher than 90% in Tuta absoluta on tomato crops.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- methamidophose1
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e1“Spinosad, cartap, chlorfenapyr, phenthoate, abamectin and methamidophos caused mortality higher than 90% to T. absoluta, whereas the pyrethroids beta-cyfluthrin, etofenprox and permethrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta-cyfluthrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25% in Tuta absoluta on tomato crops.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- beta-cyfluthrine1
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Value
- between 8.5% and 46.25%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e1“Spinosad, cartap, chlorfenapyr, phenthoate, abamectin and methamidophos caused mortality higher than 90% to T. absoluta, whereas the pyrethroids beta-cyfluthrin, etofenprox and permethrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
Etofenprox caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25% in Tuta absoluta on tomato crops.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- etofenproxe1
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Value
- between 8.5% and 46.25%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e1“Spinosad, cartap, chlorfenapyr, phenthoate, abamectin and methamidophos caused mortality higher than 90% to T. absoluta, whereas the pyrethroids beta-cyfluthrin, etofenprox and permethrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
Permethrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25% in Tuta absoluta on tomato crops.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- permethrine1
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Value
- between 8.5% and 46.25%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e1“Spinosad, cartap, chlorfenapyr, phenthoate, abamectin and methamidophos caused mortality higher than 90% to T. absoluta, whereas the pyrethroids beta-cyfluthrin, etofenprox and permethrin caused mortality between 8.5% and 46.25%”
Claim · model-written summary
At the moment of application, all the insecticides caused mortality higher than 80% in predatory wasps.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- all the insecticidese2
- Outcome
- mortalitye2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 80%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e2“At the moment of application, all the insecticides were highly toxic to the wasps, causing mortality higher than 80%”
Claim · model-written summary
In the absence of rain, all the insecticides continued to cause high mortality in predatory wasps for 30 days after application.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- all the insecticidese3
- Outcome
- mortalitye3
- Qualifier
- for 30 days after the applicatione3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e3“In the absence of rain, all the insecticides continued to cause high mortality to the wasps for 30 days after the application”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad toxicity to P. sylveirae and P. scutellaris decreased when plants received 4 mm of rain.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- spinosade4
- Interactor
- P. sylveirae
Protonectarina sylveiraee4biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- P. scutellaris
Polybia scutellarise4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- toxicitye4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- 4 mm of raine4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e4“The toxicity of spinosad and methamidophos on both wasp species; beta-cyfluthrin on P. sylveirae and chlorfenapyr and abamectin on P. scutellaris, decreased when the plants received 4 mm of rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Methamidophos toxicity to P. sylveirae and P. scutellaris decreased when plants received 4 mm of rain.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- methamidophose4
- Interactor
- P. sylveiraeProtonectarina sylveiraee4biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. scutellarisPolybia scutellarise4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- toxicitye4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- 4 mm of raine4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e4“The toxicity of spinosad and methamidophos on both wasp species; beta-cyfluthrin on P. sylveirae and chlorfenapyr and abamectin on P. scutellaris, decreased when the plants received 4 mm of rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta-cyfluthrin toxicity to P. sylveirae decreased when plants received 4 mm of rain.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- beta-cyfluthrine4
- Interactor
- P. sylveiraeProtonectarina sylveiraee4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- toxicitye4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- 4 mm of raine4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e4“The toxicity of spinosad and methamidophos on both wasp species; beta-cyfluthrin on P. sylveirae and chlorfenapyr and abamectin on P. scutellaris, decreased when the plants received 4 mm of rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorfenapyr toxicity to P. scutellaris decreased when plants received 4 mm of rain.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- chlorfenapyre4
- Interactor
- P. scutellarisPolybia scutellarise4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- toxicitye4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- 4 mm of raine4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e4“The toxicity of spinosad and methamidophos on both wasp species; beta-cyfluthrin on P. sylveirae and chlorfenapyr and abamectin on P. scutellaris, decreased when the plants received 4 mm of rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin toxicity to P. scutellaris decreased when plants received 4 mm of rain.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- abamectine4
- Interactor
- P. scutellarisPolybia scutellarise4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- toxicitye4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- 4 mm of raine4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e4“The toxicity of spinosad and methamidophos on both wasp species; beta-cyfluthrin on P. sylveirae and chlorfenapyr and abamectin on P. scutellaris, decreased when the plants received 4 mm of rain”
Claim · model-written summary
The other insecticides reduced toxicity to predatory wasps only when plants received 125 mm of rain.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- the other insecticidese5
- Outcome
- toxicitye5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Qualifier
- 125 mm of raine5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we carried out three bioassays with nine used insecticides in tomato crops”
e5“In contrast, the other insecticides only showed reduced toxicity on the wasps when the plants received 125 mm of rain”
The same questions in other papers
phenthoate · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
chlorfenapyr · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
abamectin · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →spinosad · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
15 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.