Abstract
New silica formulations offer expanded possibilities for use in horticultural crops. However, many crop pests are found on the leaf underside, and this is especially challenging when using silica because the substance must have direct contact with the insect to be effective. Silica a new and safety material was used against the second instar larvae of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Mayrick) alone and combined with other pesticides (chlorfenapyr, spinetoram and chlorantraniliprole). The results showed that when silica was used alone, the percents of mortalities were 51.7, 26.7 and 13.3%. The results showed also chlorantraniliprole was the most toxic compared with the other compounds. The per cents of mortalities were 90, 65 and 30% with the first, second and third concentrations, respectively. When silica was used in a combination with the tested pesticides, the mixture of silica and chlorfenapyr was the most toxic against the second instar larvae of T. absoluta, the percents of mortalities were 100, 76.7 and 60% with the first, second and third concentrations, respectively. The results recommended that silica was moderate toxic to the second instar larvae of T. absoluta when it used alone, so it can be used when this pest under the economic threshold or with integrated pest management programme. Silica has an activation action on the tested pesticides. Although silica was combined with one-fifth of the field rate of the tested pesticides, the toxicity of these pesticides was increased.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Silica alone caused 51.7%, 26.7% and 13.3% mortality of second-instar tomato leafminer larvae at the tested concentrations.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- second instar larvaee0
- Treatment
- silicae1
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta
.jpg?width=60)
Tuta absolutae0pest - Outcome
- mortalitiese1
- Value
- 51.7, 26.7 and 13.3%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Silica a new and safety material was used against the second instar larvae of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Mayrick) alone”
e1“when silica was used alone, the percents of mortalities were 51.7, 26.7 and 13.3%”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole was the most toxic of the tested compounds against tomato leafminer larvae.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprolee0
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutat0pest
- Outcome
- most toxice0
- Direction
- most toxice0
- Comparator
- other compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorantraniliprole was the most toxic compared with the other compounds”
t0“tomato leafminer,Tuta absoluta”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole caused 90%, 65% and 30% larval mortality at its first, second and third concentrations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprolee0
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutat0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitiese0
- Value
- 90, 65 and 30%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorantraniliprole was the most toxic compared with the other compounds. The per cents of mortalities were 90, 65 and 30% with the first, second and third concentrations, respectively.”
t0“tomato leafminer,Tuta absoluta”
Claim · model-written summary
The silica and chlorfenapyr mixture was most toxic to second-instar tomato leafminer larvae, causing 100%, 76.7% and 60% mortality at three concentrations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- second instar larvaee0
- Treatment
- mixture of silica and chlorfenapyre0
- Interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitiese0
- Direction
- most toxice0
- Value
- 100, 76.7 and 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mixture of silica and chlorfenapyr was the most toxic against the second instar larvae of T. absoluta, the percents of mortalities were 100, 76.7 and 60% with the first, second and third concentrations, respectively”
t0“tomato leafminer”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend silica alone for tomato leafminer populations below the economic threshold or in integrated pest management.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- tomato leafminer
Liriomyza bryoniaet0pest - Outcome
- used when this pest under the economic threshold or with integrated pest management programmee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it can be used when this pest under the economic threshold or with integrated pest management programme”
t0“tomato leafminer”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica increased the toxicity of the tested pesticides even when combined at one-fifth of their field rate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silica was combined with one-fifth of the field rate of the tested pesticidese0
- Interactor
- tomato leafminerLiriomyza bryoniaet0pest
- Outcome
- toxicity of these pesticidese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silica has an activation action on the tested pesticides. Although silica was combined with one-fifth of the field rate of the tested pesticides, the toxicity of these pesticides was increased.”
t0“tomato leafminer”
The same questions in other papers
chlorantraniliprole · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →chlorfenapyr · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.