Abstract
This study addresses the role of the circadian clock in the seasonal growth cycle of trees: growth cessation, bud set, freezing tolerance, and bud burst. Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides (Ptt) LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL1 (PttLHY1), PttLHY2, and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 constitute regulatory clock components because down-regulation by RNA interference of these genes leads to altered phase and period of clock-controlled gene expression as compared to the wild type. Also, both RNA interference lines show about 1-h-shorter critical daylength for growth cessation as compared to the wild type, extending their period of growth. During winter dormancy, when the diurnal variation in clock gene expression stops altogether, down-regulation of PttLHY1 and PttLHY2 expression compromises freezing tolerance and the expression of C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR1, suggesting a role of these genes in cold hardiness. Moreover, down-regulation of PttLHY1 and PttLHY2 causes a delay in bud burst. This evidence shows that in addition to a role in daylength-controlled processes, PttLHY plays a role in the temperature-dependent processes of dormancy in Populus such as cold hardiness and bud burst.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
RNA interference of clock genes altered the phase and period of clock-controlled expression.
- Treatment
- down-regulation by RNA interferencee0
- Outcome
- phase and period of clock-controlled gene expressione0
- Direction
- alterede0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
PopulusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“down-regulation by RNA interference of these genes leads to altered phase and period of clock-controlled gene expression as compared to the wild type”
t0“Populus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Both RNA interference lines had about 1-h-shorter critical daylength for growth cessation than wild type.
- Treatment
- RNA interference linese0
- Outcome
- critical daylength for growth cessatione0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Value
- about 1-h-shortere0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both RNA interference lines show about 1-h-shorter critical daylength for growth cessation as compared to the wild type”
t0“Populus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Both RNA interference lines extended their period of growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both RNA interference lines show about 1-h-shorter critical daylength for growth cessation as compared to the wild type, extending their period of growth”
t0“Populus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Diurnal variation in clock gene expression stopped during winter dormancy.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During winter dormancy, when the diurnal variation in clock gene expression stops altogether”
t0“Populus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Down-regulation of PttLHY1 and PttLHY2 compromised freezing tolerance.
- Treatment
- down-regulation of PttLHY1 and PttLHY2 expressione0
- Gene
- PttLHY1 and PttLHY2e0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- compromisese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“down-regulation of PttLHY1 and PttLHY2 expression compromises freezing tolerance”
t0“Populus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Down-regulation of PttLHY1 and PttLHY2 compromised C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR1 expression.
- Treatment
- down-regulation of PttLHY1 and PttLHY2 expressione0
- Gene
- C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR1e0
- Outcome
- expression of C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR1e0
- Direction
- compromisese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“down-regulation of PttLHY1 and PttLHY2 expression compromises freezing tolerance and the expression of C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR1”
t0“Populus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Down-regulation of PttLHY1 and PttLHY2 delayed bud burst.
- Treatment
- down-regulation of PttLHY1 and PttLHY2e0
- Gene
- PttLHY1 and PttLHY2e0
- Outcome
- bud burste0
- Direction
- delaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“down-regulation of PttLHY1 and PttLHY2 causes a delay in bud burst”
t0“Populus Trees”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.