Abstract
Members of the CENTRORADIALIS (CEN)/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) subfamily control shoot meristem identity, and loss-of-function mutations in both monopodial and sympodial herbaceous plants result in dramatic changes in plant architecture. We studied the degree of conservation between herbaceous and woody perennial plants in shoot system regulation by overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression of poplar orthologs of CEN, and the related gene MOTHER OF FT AND TFL 1 (MFT). Field study of transgenic poplars (Populus spp.) for over 6 years showed that downregulation of PopCEN1 and its close paralog, PopCEN2, accelerated the onset of mature tree characteristics, including age of first flowering, number of inflorescences and proportion of short shoots. Surprisingly, terminal vegetative meristems remained indeterminate in PopCEN1-RNAi trees, suggesting the possibility that florigen signals are transported to axillary mersitems rather than the shoot apex. However, the axillary inflorescences (catkins) of PopCEN1-RNAi trees contained fewer flowers than did wild-type catkins, suggesting a possible role in maintaining the indeterminacy of the inflorescence apex. Expression of PopCEN1 was significantly correlated with delayed spring bud flush in multiple years, and in controlled environment experiments, 35S::PopCEN1 and RNAi transgenics required different chilling times to release dormancy. Considered together, these results indicate that PopCEN1/PopCEN2 help to integrate shoot developmental transitions that recur during each seasonal cycle with the age-related changes that occur over years of growth.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Downregulation of PopCEN1 and PopCEN2 accelerated age at first flowering.
- Treatment
- downregulation of PopCEN1 and its close paralog, PopCEN2e0
- Gene
- PopCEN1 and its close paralog, PopCEN2e0
- Outcome
- age of first floweringe0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“downregulation of PopCEN1 and its close paralog, PopCEN2, accelerated the onset of mature tree characteristics, including age of first flowering, number of inflorescences and proportion of short shoots.”
t0“Populus CEN/TFL1”
Claim · model-written summary
Downregulation of PopCEN1 and PopCEN2 accelerated the mature tree characteristic of inflorescence number.
- Treatment
- downregulation of PopCEN1 and its close paralog, PopCEN2e0
- Outcome
- number of inflorescencese0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“downregulation of PopCEN1 and its close paralog, PopCEN2, accelerated the onset of mature tree characteristics, including age of first flowering, number of inflorescences and proportion of short shoots.”
t0“Populus CEN/TFL1”
Claim · model-written summary
Downregulation of PopCEN1 and PopCEN2 accelerated the mature tree characteristic of short shoot proportion.
- Treatment
- downregulation of PopCEN1 and its close paralog, PopCEN2e0
- Outcome
- proportion of short shootse0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“downregulation of PopCEN1 and its close paralog, PopCEN2, accelerated the onset of mature tree characteristics, including age of first flowering, number of inflorescences and proportion of short shoots.”
t0“Populus CEN/TFL1”
Claim · model-written summary
Terminal vegetative meristems remained indeterminate in PopCEN1-RNAi trees.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“terminal vegetative meristems remained indeterminate in PopCEN1-RNAi trees”
t0“Populus CEN/TFL1”
Claim · model-written summary
PopCEN1-RNAi catkins contained fewer flowers than wild-type catkins.
- Material
- PopCEN1-RNAi treese0
- Treatment
- PopCEN1-RNAie0
- Outcome
- flowerse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- wild-type catkinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the axillary inflorescences (catkins) of PopCEN1-RNAi trees contained fewer flowers than did wild-type catkins”
t0“Populus CEN/TFL1”
Claim · model-written summary
PopCEN1 expression correlated significantly with delayed spring bud flush.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of PopCEN1 was significantly correlated with delayed spring bud flush in multiple years”
t0“Populus CEN/TFL1”
Claim · model-written summary
35S::PopCEN1 and RNAi transgenics required different chilling times for dormancy release.
- Material
- 35S::PopCEN1 and RNAi transgenicse0
- Outcome
- chilling times to release dormancye0
- Direction
- differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“35S::PopCEN1 and RNAi transgenics required different chilling times to release dormancy.”
t0“Populus CEN/TFL1”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · phenology · Populus (poplar)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.