Abstract
Abstract Tomato and lettuce seedlings were exposed to 1 or 3 mm of simulated rainfall containing the auxin-type herbicide 2,4-D iso-octyl ester. They were then evaluated weekly for damage according to symptoms and chlorophyll content. In addition, dry matter production was determined at the end of the three- week growth period. The herbicide threshold concentration for causing the symptoms ‘stem, leaf and petiole bending’ on tomato seedlings and ‘duck's foot-type leaves’ on lettuce seedlings was found to be 10 pg L−1. Significant reduction of the dry mass of the above-ground plant parts began with 10 ng L−1 of the herbicide. Further dry mass seems the only parameter measured that is sensitive to application volume. There was a significant decrease in chlorophyll content at 10 mg L−1 of the herbicide. It was deduced that neither chlorophyll content nor dry mass can be used as markers for auxin-type herbicide damage. Keywords: Lettucemorphological effectsphysiological effectstomato2,4-D iso-octyl ester
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato seedlings showed stem, leaf and petiole bending at 10 pg L−1 herbicide.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D iso-octyl estere1
- Outcome
- stem, leaf and petiole bendinge0
- Value
- 10 pg L−1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicide threshold concentration for causing the symptoms ‘stem, leaf and petiole bending’ on tomato seedlings and ‘duck's foot-type leaves’ on lettuce seedlings was found to be 10 pg L−1.”
e1“2,4-D iso-octyl ester”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce seedlings showed duck's foot-type leaves at 10 pg L−1 herbicide.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D iso-octyl estere1
- Outcome
- duck's foot-type leavese0
- Value
- 10 pg L−1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicide threshold concentration for causing the symptoms ‘stem, leaf and petiole bending’ on tomato seedlings and ‘duck's foot-type leaves’ on lettuce seedlings was found to be 10 pg L−1.”
e1“2,4-D iso-octyl ester”
Claim · model-written summary
Above-ground dry mass fell significantly starting at 10 ng L−1 herbicide.
- Taxon
- lettuce and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- above-ground plant partse0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D iso-octyl estere1
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 10 ng L−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reduction of the dry mass of the above-ground plant parts began with 10 ng L−1 of the herbicide.”
t0“lettuce and tomato seedlings”
e1“2,4-D iso-octyl ester”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry mass was sensitive to application volume.
- Taxon
- lettuce and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- application volumee0
- Outcome
- dry masse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further dry mass seems the only parameter measured that is sensitive to application volume.”
t0“lettuce and tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content decreased significantly at 10 mg L−1 herbicide.
- Taxon
- lettuce and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D iso-octyl estere1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 10 mg L−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant decrease in chlorophyll content at 10 mg L−1 of the herbicide.”
t0“lettuce and tomato seedlings”
e1“2,4-D iso-octyl ester”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged chlorophyll content and dry mass unsuitable markers for auxin-type herbicide damage.
- Taxon
- lettuce and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- neither chlorophyll content nor dry mass can be used as markers for auxin-type herbicide damagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither chlorophyll content nor dry mass can be used as markers for auxin-type herbicide damage.”
t0“lettuce and tomato seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
ester · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
2,4-D · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
2,4-D · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →2,4-D · physiology: pigments · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
ester · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.